East Lothian mainly situated on the coast of Scotland with many historic places to visit. Great beaches and for water sports. See all the places and where they are on the maps of East Lothian, Musselburgh, Prestonpaans Wallyford, Cockenzie, Tranent, Haddington, Inveresk, North Berwick and Dundar. East Lothian Attractions East Lothian has many towns and villages most with historic attractions. There are many famous people that were born in East Lothian. A number of Castles and Palace of William I. Churchmen, writers, inventors and famous Americans born here that are part of American history. Hoards of Roman Gold have been found. Robert Burns family lived here and are buried in East Lothian. The Great Patriot was born and lived in East Lothian. East Lothian was also the birthplace of the Scottish Flag - The Saltire. All the towns with Golf Courses can be found on this Link East Lothian Golf Gosford House See All Attractions Athelstaneford See All Attractions Bolton Village See All Attractions Drem Village See All Attractions East Fortune See All Attractions Fenton Barns Village See All Attractions Garvald Village See All Attractions Humbie Village See All Attractions Inveresk Village See All Attractions Pencaitland Village See All Attractions Stenton Village See All Attractions Traprain Village See All Attractions Wallyford - Carberry See All Attractions Tantallon Auldhame See All Attractions Tantallon Auldhame See All Attractions Cockenzie & Port Seton See All Attractions East Linton See All Attractions East Saltoun See All Attractions Gifford Village See All Attractions Colstoun Village See All Attractions Markle Village See All Attractions Ormiston Village See All Attractions Spott Village See All Attractions Tranent Town See All Attractions Whitekirk Village See All Attractions Whittingehame Village See All Attractions

First golf rules written in Leith in 1744, Leith golf history, tourist attractions, activities. First rules of golf and first compitition played with rules, the silver club is oldest trophy in golf. First golf played in late 1300's John Rattray wrote the rules. See them here. Rules of Golf Edinburgh Golf, History of Golf, Oldest Golf Course, Best Scottish Golfer. Leith Links Edinburgh Where the Rules of Golf Were First Written The beginning of golf to rules was when John Rattray wrote the 13 rules in a book and signed them. Not discovered until 1937 when a member of the Company of Gentlemen Golfers at Edinburgh, on looking through old minutes of previous club meetings found rules written at the back of a book. The book contained now to be known as the original rules of golf signed by John Rattray the club captain at that time 7th March 1744. For more history of golf see (Old and New Edinburgh Volume 5 Chapter 3 ‘The District of The Burghmuir page 30 -31). Leith Links John Rattray Surgeon Sportsman & Jacobite John Rattray's Statue stands next to three stones with bronze plaques. The inscriptions on the plaques read; John Rattray (1707-1771) signed the original rules of golf drawn up in March 1744. Eleven golfers competed in this first “open’’ golf tournament played over Leith Links on 2nd April that year. Edinburgh Town Council enacted regulations dated 7th March, demanded written rules and commissioned 1 Silver Club as the prize. Rattray won and the Gentlemen Golfers 13 Rules Articles & Laws in Playing of Golf still form the basis of today’s global game. As winner Rattray became Captain of the golf for the year and first fixed a silver ball with his initials to the silver club. He won again in 1745. That Year however, Rattray’s life took a dramatic turn. As a surgeon and Jacobite he became surgeon general to Bonnie Prince Charlie was captured in Culloden and set to hang. Rescue came when his golfing companion Lord Duncan Forbes of Culloden gained his release. Rattray played and won in 1752. Leith is the birthplace of competitive golf, first home of the Gentlemen Golfers who wrote the original rules and witness to John Rattray’s inaugural silver club victory. The silver club remains the oldest golf trophy in the world, still played for today. The Gentlemen Golfers are now known as The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. The competition was contested over Leith Links every year until 1828 when play moved to Musselburgh and in 1892, to Muirfield. Scotland's Golf Course Map Leith Links The Original Rules of Golf Articles & Laws in Playing of Golf 1 You must tee your Ball, within a Club’s length of the Hole. 2 Your tee must be upon the Ground. 3 You are not to change the Ball which you Strike off the tee. 4 You are not to remove, Stones, Banes or any Break Club, for the sake of playing your Ball, Except upon the fair Green and that only within a Club’s length of your Ball. 5 If your Ball comes amang Watter or any wattery filth, you are at liberty to take out your Ball and bringing it behind the hazard and teeing it, you may play it with any Club and allow your Adversary a Stroke for so getting out your Ball. 6 If your Balls be found anywhere touching one another, you are to lift the first Ball, till you play the last. 7 At Holling, you are to play your Ball honestly for the Hole, and not to play upon your Adversary a Ball, not lying in your way to the Hole. 8 If you should lose your Ball, by its being taken up, or any other way you are to go back to the Spot, where you struck last and drop another Ball, and allow your adversary a Stroke for the misfortune. 9 Na man at Holling his Ball, is to be allowed to mark his way to the Hole with his Club or anything else. 10 If a Ball be stopped by any person, Horse, Dog, or anything else, the Ball so stopped must be played where it lyes. 11 If you draw your Club, in order to Strike and proceed so far on the Stroke as to be bringing down your Club; If then, your Club shall break, in any way, it is to be Accounted a Stroke. 12 He whose Ball lies farthest from the Hole is obliged to play first. 13 Neither Trench, Ditch or Dyke, made for the preservation of the Links, nor the Scholars Hole or the Soldiers Lines, Shall be accounted a Hazard; But the Ball is to be taken out teed and played with any Iron Club. The First Golf Competition to Written Rules The first competition was played over five holes at Leith Links: The first hole was Sawmill (Braehead) 414 yards (379 m), North Mid Hole 461 yards (422 m), East Hole 426 yards (390 m), South Mid Hole 495 yards (453 m) and the last hole Thorntree Hole 435 yards (398 m) The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers On 7th March 1744 The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers (the called The Gentlemen Golfers) officially came into being here at Leith Links, when the City of Edinburgh presented the golfer with a silver club for annual competition. On the 7th March 1994, the actual 250th anniversary of the club, was celebrated by the planning of a white hawthorn tree near the finish of the 5th (Thorntree) hole, by The Lord Provost of Edinburgh, The Right Honourable Norman Irons and the Captain of The Honourable Company, Mr Douglas Foulis. On Friday, 18th March 1994, in celebration a 6-a-side two-ball foursome challenge match was played here by the High Constables of the Port of Leith versus The Honourable Company. The matches were started off by the Lord Provost, the players were dressed as i the 18th century. They played with wooden clubs of the time and with 'feathery' golf balls filled with goose feathers. Three holes were played, the 1st (sawmill), the 2nd (North Mid Hole), and the 5th (Thorntree). The Honourable Company won two matches to one. The Honourable Company moved to Musselburgh Old Course in 1836 and then to Muirfield in 1891. Leith Links Home to The Rules of Golf Inscription on the Home of Golf plaque; Historical home of The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers. The game was played over a five hole course, each hole being over 400 yards long. In 1744 the first official rules were drawn up for a tournament on Leith Links and these rules, 13 in all, formed the basis for the modern game of golf. The Forgotten Great British Golfer Thomas Dickson Armour THOMAS (Tommy) ARMOUR 1896 – 1968 Scotland’s most successful golfer was born at 18 Balcarres Street in Morningside and first played golf at the Braid Hills, a member of the Edinburgh Western Golf Club and Bruntsfield Links. Emigrated to the U.S.A as a teenager and became one of the great unremembered golfers. Winner of the British Open, US Open, U.S.P.GA. Championship, Canadian Open on four occasions and many other competitions. Next - Edinburgh Golf History back to Leith Edinburgh

All About Edinburgh is the No.1 information site for visitors to Edinburgh. History, Tours, Taxis, Maps, Hotels, golf courses, Activities, Walking Tours. Airport Transfers and Group Transport. All a visitor / Tourist to Edinburgh needs. One stop shop. All About Edinburgh Visit Scotland The Ultimate Information Guide to Historic place and Attractions in Edinburgh Free Walking Tour Royal Mile Edinburgh Maps Link here Maps of the Castle to the Palace History and images of all The Closes 5 FREE MUSEUMS Visit Edinburgh Edinburgh's History and Attractions Free Information Guide Edinburgh Attractions Maps Mobile Friendly and Multilingual All About Edinburgh is a Search Engine guide to all the great things to see and do when you visit Edinburgh. Welcome to everything Edinburgh has to offer, both to the visitor and local resident, all in one convenient place. Whether you only wish to visit Edinburgh Castle or the Palace of Holyrood House, Walk the Royal Mile, or climb the ancient volcano Arthur Seat (Ard-Na-Said). Tour Scotland's Capital with Free Maps, Edinburgh Guide Books have it All See all the attractions or Tour Scotland from Edinburgh. Golf Transport Scotland Hotels near Golf Courses All Scotland's Golf Courses Edinburgh Walking Tours Visit Scotland Visit Edinburgh Attractions Monuments Plaques and Inscriptions There are over 100 plaques in Edinburgh and many inscription at door entrances. Edinburgh in the 18th and 19th century were great believers in leaving memorials in forms of monuments to the people they believed to be the great and good. This monument is to honour Sir Walter Scott who was born and lived in Edinburgh. There is also a museum on the first floor of the monument. 11 Edinburgh Walking Tours 1 The Old City Wall + the history of the streets 2 Southside famous people + Places 3 Cowgate + Grassmarket + New Town 4 Castle Hill, Lawnmarket + Greyfriars and More 5 Tron Square, Calton Hill, High Street Attractions 6 The New Town and Gardens People + Places 7 Dean Village + New Town West .... 8 Canongate – Horse Wynd – Abbey Strand 9 Upper High Street - History + People... 10 New Town West famous people + places 11 Leith Shore attarctions, Royal Yacht, Distillery pictured below three of the top places to visit Dean Village West Bow Greyfriars Visit Edinburgh Attractions Statues Edinburgh has many Statues in the streets on buildings and in museums and galleries. The statues are of people of achievement from Kings and Queens, Poets and Writers, Lord Provosts and Prime Ministers. This Statue is of James Clark Maxwell one of the greatest scientists that ever lived. Even Einstein’s said that he was inspired by Maxwell. Enquiries | Contact Visit Edinburgh Attractions Edinburgh Golf Courses Golf History Tour Golf in Edinburgh is available to all, play free with your own clubs on the Oldest short course in the world Take a Golf History Tour, S ee the world's oldest golf course and first clubhouse. The first established Golf club, Where the first rules of golf were written. Where the first Golf competition was played to rules. From the west of Edinburgh to Musselburgh in East Lothian Over 40 golf courses near to Edinburgh it's a Golfers Dream Golf Transport Airport Transfers Luxury Minibus Hire Group Transport and Golf Transfers Looking for Golf Transport Airport Transfer Group Outing or Tours of the Highlands. See the Transport and Book Direct single passenger or large groups. Safe Friendly and Punctual high quality Transport at very competitive prices. Link to Everything Golf Click on the Golf Ball Visit Edinburgh Attractions Shops Royal Mile tourist stores selling everything from cigars, whisky, tartan goods, haggis, shortbread and souvenirs. Edinburgh City Centre is the place to shop. With designer shops, Boutique fashion stores selling Bags, shoes and clothes. All the expected high street names and unique local stores Before you buy whisky check out the Supermarkets. Tesco Asda Morrisons as they have great prices on all Whisky. Taste Malt Whisky 100's all in the Athletic Arms Outlander Locations in Scotland Edinburgh Attractions Visit Edinburgh Festivals Edinburgh has many festivals each year from April till 31st December. Most importantly, The Edinburgh Military Tattoo that is staged at Edinburgh Castle a must see (Bucket List inclusion) extravaganza for the whole family of all ages. Also Children's Festivals and Running Festivals Tours of Scotland Tours from Edinburgh Highlands and Islands + TV and Film Locations See Edinburgh from the Sky Helicopter Tours Bus Tours around Scotland Day Tours - Bespoke Tours Place we Visit 1 Loch Ness, Glencoe + The Highlands 2 Glenfinnan Viaduct, Glencoe + Fort William 3 Kelpies Stirling Castle Loch Lomond + Trossachs 4 North Berwick, Alnwick Castle + Dunbar 5 Lochs & Castles of the West Highlands 6 East Lothian including Outlander locations 7 Kelpies Falkirk Wheel plus Distillery Tour 8 Falkland Palace St Andrews + photo stops 9 Dunfermline Culross Bannockburn Stirling 10 Perth Museum Scone Palace Dunkeld Pitlochry Email; traveltourscotland@gmail.com Call WhatsApp +44 7539 867 587

The history of golf, its beginings in Scotland. With the oldest institued Golf Clubs and first ever Golf Clubhouse. Play the Oldest golf course for free. Be part of the History of golf, visit where the rules were first played to and the first open championship course. The history of the Claret Jug, Clubs and Balls. Golf History Ye Old Golf Tavern Established (1456) Edinburgh The first known Golf Club House in the world was at Wright’s Houses built circa 1376 next to Bruntsfield Links. In 1717 Golfhall was built where golfers met before and after golf on the Links. It m oved 2 doors down and change name to Ye Old Golf Tavern where it stands today. Bruntsfield Links adds 30 holes to the original 6 holes in 1890. There was mention of golf being played in Bruntsfield as early as 1380's. The Burghers (Royal Burgess) Wall Tablet shows golfers at Bruntsfield Links with Edinburgh Castle in the background. Enquiries Bookings Prices First Instituted Golf Clubs The Golf Clubs of note are; Burghers (Royal Burgess Golf Society) The Burghers were instituted in 1735 now known as Royal Burgess the Oldest Golf Society in the world. The Rhind Stone pictured below is of two Burghers golfers with their caddies on the Bruntsfield Links. When overcrowding of the golf course became a problem the Burghers (Burgess) moved to Musselburgh in 1874 and then made a final move to their present home in Barnton where they had a new golf course designed by Tom Morris which opened in May of 1895. It was 1929 when King George V by royal proclamation allowing the Burgess to change name to The Royal Burgess Golfing Society as it is today. The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers The Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers instituted prior 1744. The writers’ of the rules of golf. (2nd oldest club) Moved to its present location in 1891. Their first move was to Leith in 1744 where they wrote the rules of golf. Bruntsfield Links Golf Club Bruntsfield Links Institute 1761. Moved to its present location in 1898. (4th oldest). Other clubs that played and used the clubhouse were, Edinburgh Thistle Golf Club instituted 1870. Moved to Braid Hills 1890 and still play there. The Allied Golfing club instituted 1856. The St Leonards Instituted 1857, The Warrender Instituted 1858 Bruntsfield Links Golf Course Royal Burgess Plaque of golfers at Bruntsfield Links Silver Golf Club In 1744 the city gave a silver club to be played for on 1 April annually by the Edinburgh Company of golfers. The winner to be club Captain for a year and a gold or silver medal to be attached to the silver club bearing the winners name and date of winning. The Royal Burgess Golfing Society still play for a silver putter to this day. Home of Golf St Andrews is the 3rd oldest instituted golf club, which started in 1754 and has become the home of Golf. St Andrews is also home to the oldest club makers where the art of ball and club making can still be seen today at the St Andrews Golf Company which was established in 1881. No Bags in these days. Golf bags were thought of by Tom Morris Jnr when playing a round of golf against an archer. He thought the quill that carried the arrows could be adapted to carry golf clubs. However, when telling his father Tom Morris Snr the idea he said " it never catch on". Golfer's Land Canongate Royal Mile Edinburgh Brown’s Close previously Golfer’s Land is a tenement building purchased with winnings from a 4 ball golf match between Baillie John Paterson and The Duke of York (King James VII) and two English noblemen. Will James was in residence at Holyrood in 1680, two English noblemen attached to the court of the Duke of York (to be King James VII) were challenged by the Duke to a golf match on Leith Links. The Duke’s partner was shoemaker John Paterson a descendent from a long line of golfers. The English noblemen were beaten and the Duke rewarded Paterson with the stakes that had been played for, which enabled Paterson to build a tenement building which he called Golfer’s Land. The building is no longer on the site as it was demolished in 1960. In 1664 Charles I (The Duke’s father) bestowed on the Duke of York the American provinces previously controlled by the Dutch now renamed in his honour, New York. The Duke succeeded to the crown in 1685, and died in 1701. In 1688, his wife Queen Mary gave birth to a son who was later to be father to Bonnie Prince Charlie. Golf in the Beginning It is not known when golf was actually introduced into Scotland. However, in historic documents golf was mentioned in 1457 and 1471 under James III. In the accounts of the Lord high Treasurer under James IV the following entries are found one of which is 1503 “to play at the golf with the Errol of Bothwell”.. Golf Clubs and Balls During the reign of James VI (1566 – 1625) the business of club making had become one of some importance. On 4 April 1603 William Mayne, Burgess of Edinburgh is appointed maker of bows, arrows, spears and clubs to the King. Golf balls were originally stuffed with feathers and golf clubs were made from wood with a smooth brass head. When playing the game of golf, before every strike of the ball a shout of ‘Fore’ was shouted out as a warning to anyone that may be out walking. Clubs and Balls were most certainly made prior to Feb 4th 1503 as Clubbes and Ballis were in the accounts of the Lord High Treasurer of James IV. Musselburgh's Golf Champions 5 famous golfers from Musselburgh all champions. Willie Park Snr- Mungo Park - Willie Park Jnr - Bob Ferguson - David Brown. on the other plaque Willie Dunn Jnr First unofficial U.S Open Champion and Willie Campbell was runner-up He became the first Golf professional at Brookline County Club in Massachusetts USA Trivia Banning Of Golf King James II of Scotland banned the game in the Scottish Act of Parliament of 1457 The first documented reference to today's game. Golf was also banned by James III in 1471. James IV in 1491. The Golf Hole The size of a golf hole has remained the same size since 1893. Robert Gay made the first hole in 1829. Lofted Clubs The niblicks (wedge) and Mashie (7 iron) were the first iron headed golf clubs circa 1750. Traditional sets of irons were invented by Archibald Barrie and were in use circa 1900. Golf Bag Golf bags were thought of by Tom Morris Jnr when playing a round of golf against an archer. He thought the quill that carried the arrows could be adapted to carry golf clubs. However, when telling his father Tom Morris Snr the idea he said "it never catch on". Caddie The first named caddie was Andrew Dickson in 1681 when in a competition with the then Duke of York later (James VII) Golf Ball During the reign of James VI (1566 – 1625) the business of club making had become one of some importance. On 4 April 1603 William Mayne, Burgess of Edinburgh is appointed maker of bows, arrows, spears and clubs to the King. Golf balls were originally stuffed with feathers and golf clubs were made from wood with a brass head which was perfectly smooth. Bunkers. Definition of Bunker in Golf "small, deep sand pit in links land" First mentioned in 1812, but thought to have been on courses when quarrying at Bruntsfield links was a plight of the golfers. First Putter The Putting Cleek was made circa 1785 by Simon Cossar a golf club maker in Leith. The putter was made with an iron head attached to a wooden shaft. The Claret Jug First played for at St Andrews Old Course in 1872. The winner was Tom Kidd a Caddie from St Andrews Old Course.

Edinburgh Walking Tours, Guided tours of Edinburgh streets. Royal Mile, Calton Hill, Old University Walking buildings Tour, Grassmarket and Cowgate Walking Tour, Old City Wall Walking Tour, , city centre walking tours, foreign language guided walking tours. If you like walking there is a tour for you. Edinburgh Walking Tours All About Edinburgh Walking Tours Guided Tours Guided tours are up to 3 1/2 hours Or Do it Yourself Tour FREE Contact for Guided Tours +44 7539 867 587 Edinburgh Walking Tours Edinburgh Walking Tours take you on a Self Guided Tour, or a Guided Tour if required. The Edinburgh Walking Tours cover different areas of Edinburgh. The Old Town famous iconic buildings, Edinburgh Castle Area and the Canongate Edinburgh Walking Tours covering: Old Edinburgh | Royal Mile | Old City Wall Calton Hill |New Town | Dean Village Southside | Leith Free Walking Tours EDI-TOURS Free Walking Tours A map and route with all the attractions and history We also offer Guided private tours on each of the Routes. Free Walking Tour Walking Tour No.6 Route - Southside Tour South Bridge, Infirmary Street High School Yards, Surgeons Square Drummond Street, Nicholson Street Nicholson Square, Potterrow Buccleuch Street Buccleuch Place, Windmill Street George Square, Bristo Square Teviot Place, Bristo Place, Lothian Street Chamber Street, Horse Wynd Steps Guthrie Street, Cowgate, Blair Street Walking Tour No.5 Route - Old / New Town Tour Marlin's Wynd, Cowgate, Grassmarket Vennel, King stables Road Grassmarket, West Bow, Victoria Street, Victoria Terrace George IV Bridge, Greyfriars, Chamber Street, South Bridge Walking Tour No.3 Route - New Town West Rutland Street, Rutland Square Atholl Crescent, Coates Crescent Gardens, Walker Street, Melville Crescent, Melville Street, Randolph Place, Charlotte Square, St Colme Street, Forres Street, Albyn Place, Queen Street, North Castle Street, Young Street, George Street, Castle Street, South Charlotte Street, Princes Street, West Princes Street Gardens Walking Tour No.4 Route - New Town South Charlotte Street, Charlotte Square, George Street, North Castle Street, Castle Street, George Street, Hanover Street George Street, St Andrews Square, Thistle Court St Andrews Square, East Princes Street Gardens, Mound Precinct, West Princes Street Gardens, St Cuthbert's Church, St John's Church Walking Tour No.1 Route - Dean Village Tour This Tour is available in detail click on link Link to dean-village-tour Randolph Cliff, Dean Bridge Queensferry Road, Belgrave Dean Path, Dean Village, Water of Leith Path, The Dene, Danube Street Anne Street, India Place, Doune Terrace Moray Place, Forres Street St Colme Street, Charlotte Square South Charlotte Street Walking Tour No.7 Route - Lawnmarket / Greyfriars Tour Castle Esplanade * , Castle Hill, Upper Bow, Lawnmarket North Bank Street, Bank Street St Giles Street, Lawnmarket, George IV Bridge, Victoria Terrace Greyfriars, Chamber Street, Guthrie Street, Old College, South Bridge * No access to Castle Esplanade during Tattoo Walking Tour No.10 Route - Canongate Tour St Mary's Street, Canongate South, Horse Wynd, Abbey Strand, Abbey Hill, Watergate, Canongate North, Cranston Street, Nether Bow. Walking Tour No.8 Route - Calton Hill Tour Tron, North Bridge, East End, Waterloo Place, Calton Hill, East Market Street, Cranston Street Canongate, High Street Lower Southside, Blackfriars Street, Cowgate, Blair Street. How can we help? * Full Name * Email * Phone * Date Required Transfers or Tours Airport Transfer Golf Transfer Walking Tour Bus Tour Whisky Tasting * Tell us what you need help with... Send St Andrews Day Tours Walking Tour No.9 Route - High Street West High Street, West Parliament Square, Parliament Square, Barrie's Close, Old Fishmarket Close, Borthwick's Close, Old Assembly Close, Covenant Close, Bell's Wynd, Wellhead, New Assembly Close, Stevenslaw Close, Tron Kirk (Black Turnpike), Cockburn Street, Fleshmarket Close, Jackson's Close, Lyon's Close, Old Stamp Office Close, North Foulis Close, Geddes Entry, Anchor Close, Craig's Close, Allan's Close, City Chambers, Warriston's Close, Real Mary King's Close, Writer's Court, Roxburgh's Close, Advocate's Close, Byre's Close, Lawnmarket East Walking Tour No.2 Route - Old City Wall Tour Johnston Terrace, King Stables Road, Grassmarket, Vennel, Heriot Place, Lauriston Place, Forrest Road, Forrest Hill, Bristo Place, Lothian Street, West College Street, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, Pleasance, St Mary Street, Cranston Street, High Street, South Bridge Walking Tour No.11 Route - Leith North / South / Shore Souvenir Historic Guide Three historical guides to Edinburgh Maps Pictures and History (In English only) Edinburgh's Historic sites Pictures, History and Map s. There are 176 pages over 500 images and stories. Maps pinpointing the attractions historic sites and Streets Royal Mile | Old and New Town | Suburbs

A-Z Airlines Edinburgh Airport direct flights from Edinburgh Airport 28 Airlines with over 40 destinations direct from Edinburgh Airport Find the airline that flies from Edinburgh Airport and the destinations available. Edinburgh Airport flight guide. AIRLINES EDINBURGH AIRPORT Find the airline and their direct web sites UK Flights Edinburgh Airport AER LINGUS www.aerlingus.com AIR CANADA www.aircanada.com AIR FRANCE www.airfrance.co.uk AMERICAN AIRLINES www.americanairlines.co.uk BH AIR www.balkanholidays.co.uk BRITISH AIRWAYS www.britishairways.com BRUSSELS AIRLINE www.brusselsairlines.com CZECH AIRLINES www.czechairlines.co.uk DELTA AIR LINES www.delta.com EASY JET www.easyjet.com EDELWEISS AIR www.flyedelweiss.com ETIHAD www.etihad.com EUROWINGS www.eurowings.com FINNAIR www.finnair.com FLYBE www.flybe.com IBERIA EXPRESS AIRLINES www.iberiaexpress.com JET2 www.Jet2.com LUFTHANSA www.lufthansa.com NORWEGIAN AIR www.norwegian.com/uk QATAR AIRWAYS www.qatar-flights.co.uk RYAN AIR www.ryanair.com SAS AIRLINES www.flysas.com TUI www.tui.co.uk/flight TRANSAVIA www.transavia.com TURKISH AIRWAYS www.turkishairlines.com UNITED AIRLINES www.americanairlines.co.uk VUELING www.vueling.com WOW AIR www.wowair.co.uk Next - Edinburgh Attractions

Drem Village in East Lothian is close to Drem Airfield that was used in the World Wars. Drem Village East Lothian Drem Village Drem has a rail station which services Archerfield and Gullane and Dirleton where an old ancient Castle Stands. RAF Drem is nearby and was used in both World Wars as a landing area for Home Defence aerocraft. St John's Chapel Ruins St John's Chapel now part of Drem House garden was built circa 1350 for the Knight s Templar. All that remains are ruins of the walls which are still visible. Chester's Hill Fort Chester's Hill Fort is the remains of one of the best Iron Age Forts in the country. Built circa 800 BC it has a formation of ramparts and moats and believed to be one of the largest found. Drem Airfield & Museum Drem airfield opened in 1915 as West Fenton Aerodrome with a change of name 3 years later to Gullane Aerodrome and in 1939 then incorporated into the Royal Air Force as RAF Drem. In the first World War an American squadron was based here and in the World War II 602 Spitfire squadron was based her and the Royal Australian Air Force had a squadron here also. Drem airfield closed as a station in 1946, There is an RAF museum at the present airfield. There are many that fell in the wars at rest in Drem cemetery. Dirleton Village Cemetery War Graves In this small graveyard are the graves of World War casualties that served at RAF Drem. They came from all parts of the world, RAF UK, New Zealand, South African, Canada and Australia, all have members interned in the Dirleton Graveyard not far from where they served during the World War at Drem Airfield. Drem Boar Stone East Lothian The (Boar Stone) or stone pillar cross shaft was has no known history, but is thought to have been a marker for where a wild Boar was slain. Next - East Fortune

Greyfriars Kirk and Museum is a historic place in Scotland not just as a church. The museum has anceint relics which include the first Stars and Strips on the White House a copy of the Covenant and anceint bibles and seals. The graveyard with famous people and stories of Ghosts and body snachers. Greyfriars Kirk Greyfriars Museum Edinburgh Attractions Greyfriars Kirk Greyfriars Kirk takes its name from the Franciscan friary which was previously on this site. Greyfriars Kirk building was completed in 1620 the first church to be constructed in Scotland following the Reformation. The signing of the National Covenant took place in Greyfriar’s Kirk on 28 February 1638. In a field nearby, in the 18th century 1200 Covenanters were imprisoned. A section of this field was incorporated into the churchyard as vaulted tombs and the area became known as the Covenanters' Prison. You will see enclosed vaults and metal fenced cages called mort safes as a deterrent to grave robbers taking the bodies from their resting place to use in the medical school for autopsy and scientific experiments. The famous grave robbers of the time were (Burke and Hare). Greyfriar’s Cemetery is said to be haunted by the ghost of 'Bloody' George Mackenzie who was buried here in 1691. His Spirit is said to cause bruising, bites and cuts on those who come into contact with the spirit or touch his tomb. Some visitors have reported feeling strange sensations. Take the ghost tour and find out for yourself. Don’t miss visiting Greyfriars Museum for the history and mystery of the graveyard and Kirk. Greyfriars Tolbooth Highland Kirk Museum There are many things to see and stories to be read in the museum like the an American flag that hung in the White House which was gift to the church as Greyfriars Kirk and the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in the New World took place on Christmas Day 1620. Not to forget the famous dog Greyfriars Bobby. Greyfriars Museum and shop are open with free admission. There are guided tours available. The Notice board on entry to Greyfriars Graveyard read; In Greyfriars Church the national covenant was adopted and signed 28th February 1638. In the churchyard are objects of historical interest such as The Martyrs’ Monument towards the north east and the Covenanters’ Prison towards the south west also The graves of many Scotsmen and Citizens of Edinburgh Highland Kirk National Covenant (The Presbyterians) Greyfriars Kirk Edinburgh The National Covenant signed in Greyfriars on the 28th February 1638 promised to defend Presbyterianism from intervention by the crown. Presbyterians in Scotland agreed to renew the King’s Confession of 1581, (basically a promised before God that they would accept the true religion and oppose Roman Catholicism) with two extra parts. These were a legal section listing over sixty acts of Parliament most of which were against Roman Catholicism. The Covenant was signed by almost all the people and Nobles of Scotland. Covenanting Swords The swords of Robert Trail minister of Greyfriars 1649 -1660, who accompanied, James Graham Marquis of Montrose, to his execution in 1650 and Daniel MacMichael a covenanter shot and killed at Durisdeer, Dumfriesshire in 1685. Robert Trail became minister of Greyfriars in 1949. He was arrested and imprisoned in 1660 and later banished to Holland for refusing to sign the oath of allegiance following the restoration of Charles II. Seal of Queen Victoria 1897 Seal of Queen Victoria attached to a parchment appointing William Montagu Hay 10th Marquess of Tweeddale as Lord High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1897. The office of Lord High Commissioner is one of the oldest in Scotland. It goes back to the early 17th century when James VI became James I of the United Kingdom in 1603. At the Union of the Crowns the King’s court moved to London and it was not so easy for him to attend the General Assembly, but a close relationship with the Church of Scotland was essential for the monarch and continues to be so today. The document states under the Treaty of Union, Queen Victoria’s seal is used in lieu of the Great Seal of Scotland. Mary Queen of Scots Greyfriars Monastery Original Monastery Doorway The grounds of the Franciscan monastery passed into the possession of Mary Queen of Scots after the Scottish Reformation of 1560. Mary then granted the grounds to the Edinburgh town council for the grounds to be use for burials. The original door lintel to the monastery can still be seen in the Greyfriars Graveyard. Greyfriars Bobby Portrait Greyfriars Museum Edinburgh Oil painting of Greyfriars Bobby in Greyfriars Museum, dated 1867. Painted by John McLeod who was born in Golspie, Sutherland in 1812. Greyfriars Bobby is an Icon of Edinburgh and Scotland and is known worldwide. The Statue stands at the junction of Candlemakers' Row, George IV Bridge and Greyfriars Place. Greyfriars Bobby's grave is at the gates to Greyfriars Kirk Museum and Burial Ground. United States Flag Greyfriars Museum Edinburgh. On Christmas Day 1620 the Kirk of the Greyfriars officially opened as a place of worship. In the same year fleeing persecution and seeking the pursuit of their religion free from interference by the state, the Pilgrim Fathers landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts and established the colony. The Stars and Strips once prominent above the White House in Washington D.C was presented to Greyfriars by the American Consul in Edinburgh. Its significance to commemorate Greyfriars Kirk’s 350th anniversary in 1970 and the landing of the Pilgrim Fathers in New England in 1620. Sir Walter Scott Greyfriars Kirk Edinburgh This tablet was made and erected to the memory of Sir Walter Scott on his centenary by the young men of this kirk in which he himself worshipped as a young man. Lady Yester Memorial Grayfriars Kirk Edinburgh In memory of Margaret Lady Yester, by whose benefaction the church of Lady Yester was built in High School Wynd Edinburgh in 1644. This was demolished and a new church was built in 1803. See map by William Edgar 1765. (K) Marks the Lady Yester Kirk. The above tablet formally erected in Lady Yester’s church was transferred here when that church and parish were united with Greyfriars church and Parish in 1938. Greyfriars Kirk Communion Table St Francis Stigma reminder of the friars is a modern representation of the crossed hands of St Francis, with the stigmata, which stands above the cross behind the communion table at the east end of Greyfriars Kirk Hall. Peter Collins Organ Greyfriars Kirk Edinburgh Peter Collins died in 2015. He was a famous builder of organs, in his 40 years as a craftsman he built organs all over the UK and Europe. The Greyfriars organ was built in 1990 in conjunction with the late Michael Chibbett who was then the organist in Greyfriars Kirk. The Peter Collins organ is a magnificent musical instrument which overlooks the hall of the Kirk. A must see when in Edinburgh. Flodden Wall In Greyfriars Kirk Graveyard The Flodden wall can be seen through Greyfriars Graveyard. The old city wall was built for protection from the English invaders (1513) after the Scots Army suffered their heaviest defeat in battle to the English and where King James IV died in battle, King James IV was the last monarch to die in battle. Edinburgh Town Guard The City Guard’s main duty was to protect the city and maintain public order. Formed in 1679 with 40 men. Always present at civic gatherings and were led by the Lord Provost of Edinburgh. The Town Guard House was situated in the middle of the High Street west of the Tron Kirk in line with New Assembly Close. Information found on “the plan of the City and Castle of Edinburgh by William Edgar Architect 1765″. Records held in the National Library of Scotland. The Town Guard were disbanded in 1817 the last Captain of the Guard being James Burnet. The Edinburgh City Guard re-enactment group. The group recreate the Town Guard for ceremonies and recreate battles such as the Battle of Prestonpans annually. To find out more or join the Guard contact chairman, Arran Johnston (Ensign): arran_johnston@hotmail.com . Next - Grayfriars Graveyard

Leith Edinburgh Suburb attractions from the 11th to 19th centuries. First written rules of Golf. Tourist attractions at the shore restaurants and shops, Royal Yacht Britannia, cruise ships Dock. Sunday Market and a host of history. Leith Edinburgh History, Attractions and Activities Leith Area Edinburgh Leith area Edinburgh or originally inverlet ‘the mouth of the Water of Leith’ which was two villages one on each side of the river estuary North and South Leith which were first joined by a bridge in 1493 and the oldest building that remains is St Ninian’s at the shore. Leith was chartered to Edinburgh by Robert the Bruce in 1329 giving the powers of Edinburgh control of Leith. In 1920 Leith became a part of Edinburgh. The Leith Area Timeline The first recorded mention of Leith was in 1143, when the area near the river estuary was granted to the Holyrood monks by David I. Known by the name Inverlet. Edward II mentions Leith in 1313 before the Battle of Bannockburn. The incorporation of institution of the Mariners’ happened in Leith 1380. Leith became a ship building area circa 1520. The French invaded Leith in 1548 for 12 years they took control. Finally in 1560 after many battles and a siege the French left Leith in the wake of destroying what they could. Mary Queen of Scots returned to Scotland from France in 1560 at the shore in Leith. The final outbreak of the black death or bubonic plague, (a acquired from the bite of an infected flea) took hold in Edinburgh and Leith, 1645. With circa 2,600 deaths of people living in South Leith (75% of the population). Huts were built on Leith Links where whole families were isolate to reduce the spread of infection. Cromwell took control of Leith in 1650 and had a base at the Citadel. Leith Area 17th Century On The Bank of Leith opened in 1806 with its own Leith currency. King George VI set foot on Scottish soil at the Shore invited by Sir Walter Scott in 1822. The “Leith Act” was passed by Parliament in 1827. Leith Nautical College was opened in 1855 The building resembling a ship. The Leith Improvement Act was passed in 1880. A free home for retired Sailors’ was built in 1883 at the Shore. Now the building is a Hotel. The first trains arrived in Leith when Leith Central station opened at the junction of Leith Walk and Duke Street in 1903. Finally Leith became a part of Edinburgh in 1920. James Simpson (1830–1894) was a highly influential 19th-century Scottish architect who served as the Burgh Assessor and Town Architect of Leith. He designed Leith and its important buildings. Queen Victoria Kirkgate Leith This Statue was to commemorate the reign of Queen Victoria and her visit to Leith in 1842. She died in 1901. It is also a war memorial to the memory of the Scots Guards from the area that died in the Boar War. It was unveiled by Lord Rosebery who was the Liberal Prime Minister 1894-5 and the ceremony was watched by a crowd of over 20,000 people. Leith became a part of Edinburgh in 1920. The meaning of Leith is broad river. Trinity House Museum Leith Edinburgh The original mariner’s house built in 1555 on this site was an Almshouse for the retired and poor that wished to stay within the seafaring community. The present building replacing the original Almshouse was built in 1816. Explore Trinity house and see the treasures the mariners returned home with from their travels. There are old marine maps, navigation equipment and ships models. There are also paintings and manuscripts that tell the stories of the sailors of the 14th century to this day. Trinity House Museum South Leith Parish Church Leith Edinburgh The first church built was St Mary’s in 1483, over the centuries famous people have used the church such as Mary of Guise and Oliver Cromwell. The church has been used as a prison and the General Assembly was held here. Many parts of the church have been replaced since first built, with the ceiling being replace during the renovations of 1847, a Hammer beam ceiling was installed which is still present and will take your breath away. St Mary’s Star of the Sea Church Leith Edinburgh St Mary Star of the Sea was built mainly due to the emigration of Irish families due to the potato famine between 1845 and 1849. Many Irish Catholics families came to Leith and there was a lack of Catholic churches to satisfy the large congregations. The Church of St Mary Star of the Sea was Completed in 1854 and is within the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of St Andrews and Edinburgh. Leith Town Hall Leith Edinburgh The Town Hall and Sheriff Court on the corner of Constitution Street and Queens Charlotte Street was built in 1828. A new Town Hall was open in 1929 after leith joined Edinburgh but was nearly destroyed by bombings in 1941 during the 2nd World War. The Town Hall was Converted to police and burgh offices in 1868, becoming the Leith Police headquarters. Merging with Edinburgh Police in 1920 when Leith became part of Edinburgh. S. M. J. & Co (established 1840, incorporated 1899) Over front door, also on building are Stone Plaques 5 - 6 Quality Street (Street change name in 1967 Maritime Street ) 1893 Javance (Uncover) Spe vires augentur (Our powers are augmented by hope ) S. M. J. & Co was a historic cooperage and warehousing company of Leith, 5-6 Maritime Street, which served as their headquarters and bonded warehouse. They were a coopers, making wooden barrels for the whisky and wine industry in Leith. Leith Assembly Rooms Exchange Building Leith Edinburgh The exchange buildings were built by subscription as a meeting place for merchants, which included the Assembly Rooms that opened in 1783 and an extension in 1810 which was the Leith Exchange. This was where everything from commerce to entertainment was centred. A Leith Hero Eric “Winkle” Brown Leith Edinburgh Eric Melrose Brown 21 January 1919 – 21 February 2016. Eric was born in Leith Area a port outside of Edinburgh. Captain Eric Melrose Brown known as Winkle due to his slight stature was an amazing man and record holder. His father was a pilot and as a young boy Eric was involved in aviation. Captain Eric Brown’s first flight was on his fathers’ knee. He became Britain’s most decorated test pilot in the Royal Air Force. Flying 487 different types of aircraft. He was also the first person to land a plane on an aircraft carrier. He saw Jesse Owens in the 1936 Olympics, witnessed the horrors of Belsen and awarded and the CBE, MBE and OBE. He was to continue flying aircraft until he was 70 years old. He also was a published author of books and lived till he was 97 years of age. Robert Burns Statue Leith Edinburgh Robert Burns died at the age of 37. He was known as the Ploughman poet. He is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland. Burns was born two miles south of Ayr, in Alloway South Ayrshire, Scotland. Robert Burns was the eldest of seven children. He travelled the world and had many love interests and had 9 children. Robert Burns is buried in St. Michael’s Churchyard, Dumfries, Scotland. Robert Burns’ brother Gilbert Burns (1760 – 1827) and mother, Agnes Broun 17 March 1732 – 14 January 1820 (and later his sister Annabella) moved to Bolton East Lothian from Ayrshire. Gilbert oversaw the building of the new Bolton parish church which was completed in 1809. The cottage at Grant’s Brae is no longer there, the house was demolished and a roadside monument stands in its place. No more than one hundred yards northeast lies the drinking well used by the Burns family. It was lovingly restored in 1932 and dedicated to Agnes Broun. The dedication states: “Drink of the pure crystals and not only be ye succoured but also refreshed in the mind. To the mortal and immortal memory and in noble tribute to her, who not only gave a son to Scotland but to the whole world and whose own doctrines he preached to humanity that we might learn? Burns 1759 – 1796 “The priest-like father reads the sacred page – from scenes like these old Scotia’s grandeur springs, that makes her loved at home, revered abroad:” “I there wi something did forgather, that pat me in an eerie swither:” Presented by Robert Meikle “When Vulcan gies his bellows breath an plowmen gather wi’ their graith” “In order, on the clean hearth-stane the luggies three are ranged:” Hallow’een Presented by William Tulloch Leith Bank Building Leith Edinburgh Leith Bank was established in 1792 and printed Leith bank notes and was trading from its purpose built premises at 25 Bernard Street from 1806. It was common place for towns in Scotland to print their own money. The funding came from local wealth merchants. Leith Bank did not stay open long as it closed due to lack of funds in 1842. Leith Union Bank Leith Edinburgh Union Bank of Scotland in Leith (1871): the Union Bank of Scotland built a branch at 28 Bernard Street, The Union Bank of Scotland, the Glasgow Union Bank was formed in 1830, the Glasgow Union Bank taking over many smaller local Scottish banks to form the Union Bank of Scotland based in Leith until the merger of the Union Bank with the Bank of Scotland in 1954. Reverend John Home Leith Edinburgh Reverend John Home was a poet and playwright and was born in Maritime Street Leith in 1722. He is remember for his play Douglas which was first performed in the Playhouse Theatre Canongate in 1756 Robertson Sanderson & Co 11-14 Maritime Street (previously Quality Street until 1967) Original building 11 and 12 was built 1892 as a warehouse in 1900 13 + 14 were added for a wine and spirit merchant Robertson Sanderson & Co. The Renaissance-style architecture, of 13 – 14 features a dome, ashlar frontage. Acanthus leaves and grapes, and the head of Bacchus, the Roman god of wine. Two shields one with (R.S. & Co Ltd). And the other (EST’D 1846) In May 1863 William Sanderson after obtaining licences made his first recipe. A whisky mixture of Glenlivet, Pitlochry and grain whiskies. In 1822 he put samples of almost one hundred of his blends in separate small numbered vats and invited experts to choose which they liked the best. All chose the vat numbered 69. Sanderson’s VAT69 became the premier grade blend of Sanderson’s. North British Distillery in Gorgie Edinburgh Grain Whisky producer which is still open and working today was Established in 1885 by William Sanderson Read more about the Sanderson dynasty on https://leithlocalhistorysociety.org.uk/william-sanderson-son-ltd/ Corn Exchange Leith Edinburgh The Corn Exchange building was built in 1861 marketing hall to deal with the sale and purchase of agricultural goods. The building has a frieze which runs down the Constitution Street side of the building which depicts cherubs at work in the agricultural services. The frieze was sculpted by John Rhind. West Bowling Green Street Bridge Leith Edinburgh William Beatson was the engineer that built the bridge in west Bowling Green Street in 1886. It is a Single span bridge with a single cobbled road which spans the Water of Leith. The road is now pedestrian only and can be accessed from The Quilts or west Bowling Green Street. Leith Fort Leith Edinburgh In 1779 Leith was threatened by a fleet of ships led by John Paul Jones, (a native Scot from Galloway) Known as the Father of the United States Navy. The attack was thwarted by the weather and Leith survived. A Fort, manned by the Royal Artillery, was then constructed in North Leith to defend against future attacks. Leith fort was designed by James Craig of Edinburgh and the Fort was constructed in 1780. The Royal Artillery occupied the fort in 1793. The Fort was increased in size during the Napoleonic War to accommodate French prisoners. Leith Fort saw no action and was manned with a battalion until 1957. All that remains of the fort is part of the walls and the two gate houses. There are also a number of canon still on site. Norwegian Seaman’s Church Leith Norwegian Seaman’s Church Leith was built in 1868 by Johan Storjohn a divinity graduate from Bergen Norway who arrived in Edinburgh in 1863 and could not find a church for Scandinavian people. At the time there were many Scandinavian sailors as the whaling fleet of Christian Salvesen was registered in Leith. Norwegian King Olav V visited the church in 1962. Miracle at Sea Norwegian Church Leith “Vim Stone” In the Garden of the Church is a stone named the “Vim Stone”. The stone was named after a Norwegian ship which ran aground in 1937 and was letting in water and would have sunk with loss of life. The rocks the ship hit, part broke off and plugged the hole and saved the ship, which finished its journey to Leith. . The sailors on the ship removed the rock fragment and took it to the church, where it can be seen in the garden to this day. The inscription reads DENNE STEN FRA NORGES BUNN BRAGTE ‘VIM’ SOM GIKK PA GRUNN David Kilpatrick Public School Leith Memorial Stone David Kilpatrick School was built between 1913 and 1915 and was first used as a barracks before becoming a school in 1919, which it was its original purpose. The inscription on the memorial stone reads: “David Kilpatrick” Public School, Leith. The Memorial Stone of this public school was laid on 27th September 1913 by the Right Honourable R.C. Munro Ferguson P.C. L.L.D. M.P. For Leith District of Burghs members of the school board. Rev. David Kilpatrick (Chairman) Mrs. Elizabeth Logan Calder, Mr. James Murphy, Mr. J. Duncan Cran, Rev. M. O’Reilly, Mrs. Janet Cruickshank, Rev. James M. Stott M.A., Mr. James Dempster, Mr. Thomas Scott, Mr. John Garden, Mr. Wm. L. Sharp, Miss Clarice M. McNab, Mr George W. Tait S.S.C. Mr Frank J. Trotter, clerk and treasurer, Mr George Craig, licentiate, R.I.B.A., architect. The building was ready for occupancy on 1st September, 1915; but owing to the premises being required for military purposes in connection with the great European war, they were not fully utilised for educational work until 2nd September 1919. Leith Town Hall Complex Leith Town Hall Complex consists of Thomas Morton Hall a venue that holds upto 200 people. The Theatre which concerts and weddings are held plus the public Library building. Thomas Morton Hall Leith Thomas Morton was born in Leith in October 1781 and became a shipbuilder. Opening his own company. In 1818 Thomas Morton was the inventor of the slipway, a way to haul ships in and out of the water. Thomas Morton lived at 1 Pilrig Place Leith. He died in 1832 and is buried in South Leith church burial grounds. The hall that is part of the Town Hall Complex was named in his memory. Leith Theatre The Leith Theatre complex was a gift fro Edinburgh Council when Leith became a part of Edinburgh in 1920. After many years of building the theatre opened in 1932. With the complex being bombed in 1941 the theatre did not open again until 1961 when renovations and rebuild was complete. The theatre building now operates by a trust and is a creative hub for all. Leith Public Library The Library was built in 1929 and bombed in 1941 then rebuilt and opened in 1955. Mount Falcon Battery Site Leith Edinburgh This is said to be where Officer Falcon had an artillery battery in the siege of Leith in 1560 prior to the French disregarding Leith due to Mary Queen of Scots intervention. There were 3 battery's The other two were Mount Pelham and Mount Somerset, known today as Giant's Brae in Leith Links The Protestant and English forces gun mounts to bombard the fortifications of the French army. The bombardment, and naval blockade and resulted in the French forces surrendering and signing the Treaty of Treaty of Leith, on 6 July 1560 between representatives of Queen Elizabeth I of England, the Scottish Lords of the Congregation, and King Francis II of France and Mary, Queen of Scots. This was the end of the Auld Alliance and all French troops were sent from the British Isles Leith Provident Buildings Leith Edinburgh The Leith Provident Co-operative Society built their first department store in 1911 on Great Junction Street Leith Gurdwara Nanak Leith Edinburgh The first Sikh families to arrive in Edinburgh were in 1958 from the Punjab. The Sikh place of worship is a Gurdwara and the first Gurdwara was a house in Leith in 1964. In 1976 the present Gurdwara was opened at 1 Sheriff Brae Edinburgh. Previous to the Gurdwara it was St Thomas’s Church which was built in 1843. The Sikh religion was founded by Guru Nanak, he was born in 1469 A.D. It is believed that the Sikh religion was first preached in 1496 in the Punjab by Guru Nanak. Dr Andrew Bell School Leith Edinburgh Dr Bell's School Junction Street Leith was built in 1838 and acquired by Leith school board in 1882 from the Bell Trust. Dr Andrew Bell founded schools worldwide using the educational system that he founded. Andrew Bell was born in St Andrews in 1753. He became a Scottish Episcopalian priest and teacher who pioneered the Madras System of Education. He was founder of The Madras College St Andrews. More on St Andrews on www.allaboutedinburgh.co.uk/st-andrews-attractions He first was a teacher in the Americas during the 1770’s. He returned to Britain in 1871 and was a minister at Episcopal Chapel in Leith. Leith Swimming Baths Leith Edinburgh Leith swimming baths is a part of the original Bell’s School which was acquired by the Leith school board in 1896. Leith Vaults Leith Edinburgh The oldest warehouse and cellar for wine in the Leith Area is the Vaults previously known as the Black Vaults. The oldest part of the Vaults now is 1682, but were on this site much earlier possibly circa 1540. Porters’ Stone Leith Edinburgh The Porters Stone or Stingmans Plaque was originally in Tolbooth Wynd before it was moved to Sugarhouse Close Leith, then was put for safekeeping in the National Museum Edinburgh, the copy in Henderson street of the original carving 1670 gives a picture of how wines and spirits were transported from Leith. Leith was the main supplier of Wine to Edinburgh with circa 250,000 p.a. The Stingmen were the workers at the warehouse that moved the barrels of wine. Leith Improvement Scheme Memorial Stone First Artisans Dwellings Henderson Street was built as part of the Leith Improvement Scheme, a Bill which became an Act of Parliament known as the Artisans and Labourers Dwellings Act, Henderson Street was named after Dr John Henderson the lord Provost of Leith from 1875 to 1881 The area Henderson street was built on was previously over a dozen close’s which had terrible living conditions. 1563 The year 1563 was significant due to the Siege of Leith. This was the end of the twelve-year occupation of French troops at the port of Leith. The siege of 1559 was by the Scottish Protestant nobles and English forces under Queen Elizabeth I. The French troops left peacefully under the terms of a treaty signed by all three nations (Scotland, England, and France). Leith Links First Written Rules of Golf Leith Links is where the first rules of golf where written in 1744 for a golf tournament, 13 rules in all. There had only been 5 rules players had played to before. The oldest golf course to be mentioned in history is in fact Bruntsfield Links with the oldest golf club house the Golf Tavern. Which is where the Honourable Company of Edinburgh Golfers were first based as were the oldest golfing society the Burghers (Royal Burgess Golfing Society) incorporated in 1735. Leith Links course has the honour of the first official tournament to rules. Link - Golf Rules and History Giants’ Brae Leith Links Edinburgh The are two small hills on Leith Links which both have names, the one pictured is “Giant’s Brae” or “Somerset's Battery”, the other being Lady Fyfe’s Brae or Pelham's Battery these were said to be constructed as artillery mounds dated from 1560 when the siege of Leith took place Pilrig House Leith Area Edinburgh The original Pilrig House was owned by Sir Patrick Moneypenny and he sold the land to Gilbert Kirkwood in 1623 who rebuilt the house in 1638. The Balfour family purchased the house in 1718. James Balfour’s great-grandson was Robert Louis (Balfour) Stevenson, Robert’s father married a member of the Balfour family and his great grandfather was born in Pilrig house in 1777. The Balfour family remained in Pilrig House till 1941. In 1971 a fire destroyed the house but luckily the history of the house and owners were seen to be important enough for the house to be rebuilt and restored to its original look in 1982 when the work started and is now complete Professor John Barlow Blue Plaque Professor John Barlow eminent Quaker scientist. Professor of Anatomy and Physiology at the Royal Veterinary College Edinburgh. He was a highly respected member of the Edinburgh scientific community. Much loved member of the Religious Society of Friends. Husband of Eliza Nicholson (1813-1894) and father of Alfred (1851-1899). He was a leading Quaker pacifist and first manager of the Bourneville Village Trust. John Henry Barlow (1855-1924) lived here 1851-1856. Next - Leith Shore Edinburgh

Wallyford | Carberry Attractions East Lothian Carberry East Lothian Carberry Tower Carberry Tower built on the Carberry ( Caerbairin) Estate circa 1540 was the lands originally owned by the Monks of Dunfermline Abbey. Over the centuries it has been extended and modernised. This Baronial mansion has had links with royalty for centuries, with the present Queen Elizabeth II regularly staying with her family the late King George VI and her mother and sister Margaret. This is now a luxury hotel and wedding venue. The coat of Arms is of Elphinstone, Lord Elphinstone taking over the estate circa 1800. ARMS (SHIELD) Argent, a Chevron Sable between three Boars' Heads erased Gules CREST A Lady centre, holding in her dexter hand proper a Tower Argent, and in her sinister hand proper a Laurel Branch MOTTO "CAUSE CAUSED IT Carberry Hill Wood Mary's Mount East Lothian A 9 foot (3 mtrs) monument stands in Carberry Wood where Mary Queen of Scots surrendered on the 15 June 1567 which ended in her death almost 19 years later in England. Mary Queen of Scots Monument East Lothian The monument has an inscription that reads: M.R. 1567 At this spot Mary Queen of Scots after the escape of Bothwell, mounted her horse and surrendered herself to the confederate Lords 15 June 1567. Wallyford East Lothian Wallyford East Lothian, a small village in East Lothian with views of the Firth of Forth standing circa 250 foot above sea level. Built on the road between Newbattle Abbey and Prestonpans the route taken by the monks of Newbattle when collecting salt from Prestonpans. Wallyford was originally a mining community as the lands from circa 1170 were rich in mineral (coal) which the Abbots of Newbattle first mined. The first pits at Wallyford were sunk in 1840 Wallyford Miners Memorial Stone and Wagons The inscription on the plaque reads; Wallyford Mining Memorial Stone | In recognition of Wallyford as a Mining Community The Wallyford memorial stone is in memory of the 38 miners who lost their lives in the wallyford collieries. To the miners of the village who lost their lives in other pits of the surrounding area and in remembrance of those miners whose lives were lost prematurely due to terrible working conditions. Willie Park Snr. Wallyford East Lothian Two great sportsmen were born in Wallyford, Willie Park Senior the first winner of the Open Golf Championship, born June 1833 and died July 1903. Winning the golf open Championship in 1860, 1863, 1866 and 1875. He lived at 23 Ravensheugh Road (not far from Wallyford and Musselburgh gold course where he won the open championship) until is death in 1903. Fa'side Castle East Lothian Fa’side (Fawside) Castle was built circa 1190 and burnt after the Battle of Pinkie Cleuch In 1547. Ten rebuilt within a short time as this is where Mary Queen of Scots stayed prior to the battle at Carberry Hill. Mary Queen of Scots surrendered to the confederate lords on the 15th June 1567 on Carberry Hill to save her Husband Earl of Bothwell. St Clements Wells Distillery opened in 1787 in the area close to Wallyford East Lothian adjacent to Fa’side Castle the farm below the castle being St Clements. The distillery closed in 1833. Battle of Pinkie Cleuch Memorial Stone Wallyford East Lothian Battle of Pinkie Cleuch Memorial Stone stand high overlooking where the fateful battle took place on 10 September 1547. The Last battle between the Scots and English of the Rough Wooing. Known as Black Saturday as circa 6000 Scots died. This was the first battle the combined forces of infantry, cavalry and artillery, and navy were used to defeat an enemy. The only later wars were the battles of the crown and not the countries. Earl of Hertford Edward Seymour the king’s uncle ruled England and took an army of soldiers including cavalry bound for Edinburgh destroying all that stood against them on the way. To stop them Regent Hamilton lead a force of over 10,000 to stop the English attack on Edinburgh. The two armies met at the Esk where the English had also a fleet of war ships. The English position was so strong the attack on the Scottish army was bombarded by canon from the ships and land on three side before the army and cavalry finished them off. Jock Wallace Jr Wallyford East Lothian Jock Wallace Jr. was born in Wallyford in September 1935. He first signed as a player for Blackpool before going on to a managerial career in 1966 as player-manager of Berwick Rangers. In 1967 he was known nationwide as the manager that beat Glasgow Rangers in the Scottish Cup the previous years Scottish Cup winners. He later became manager of Glasgow Rangers giving them two treble ( winners of all three Scottish trophies 1975 -1976 + 1977 – 1978. Jock Wallace Jr died after a illustrious football career as both play and manager and Glasgow Rangers icon. Margaret Oliphant Wallyford East Lothian Margaret Oliphant was born in Wallyford in 1828 She became a novelist and had her first book published in 1849. Margaret was honoured by her Village she was born in (Wallyford), having a street named after her (Oliphant Gardens). Next - Whitekirk

Edinburgh Boats Sailing Yachts Touring islands seeing wildlife thrills in speedboats Captain your own Yacht and be a sailor Edinburgh Boats Sailing Yachts, Power Boats and Barges Edinburgh on the water in Boats Barges and Yachts on canals rivers and the sea Activities Boats and Sailing St Mary's Loch Sailing Club St Mary's Loch A708 Selkirk TD7 5LH Scottish Borders Scotland 0131 663 2079 Boats and Sailing Whiteadder watersports centre Whiteadder Reservoir Cranshaws Duns TD11 3SW Scottish Borders Scotland 01835 825 160 Boats and Sailing Port Edgar Yacht Club Port Edgar Marina South Queensferry EH30 9SQ East Lothian Scotland 07802 168274 Boats and Sailing Fisherrow Yacht Club 97 New Street Musselburgh EH21 6DG East Lothian Scotland 0131 665 3155 Boats and Sailing Portobello Sailing & Kayaking Club Promenade Portobello Edinburgh EH15 1HF City of Edinburgh Scotland 07932 159983 Boats and Sailing Cramond Boat Club Cramond Village Riverside Edinburgh EH4 6NY City of Edinburgh Scotland 0131 336 1356 Boats and Sailing Port Edgar Marina & Sailing School Port Edgar Shore Road South Queensferry EH30 9SQ Midlothian Scotland 0131 331 3330 Boats and Sailing East Lothian Yacht Club 36 Victoria Road North Berwick EH39 4JL East Lothian Scotland 01620 892698 Speed Boats Eyemouth Rib Trips Eyemouth Harbour Harbour Road Eyemouth TD14 5JB Scottish Borders Scotland 07941 441995 Speed Boats Seafari Adventures Hawes Pier Newlands Road South Queensferry EH30 9TB West Lothian Scotland 0131 331 4857 Speed Boats Seafari Adventures Harbour Victoria Road North Berwick EH39 4SS East Lothian Scotland 01620 890 202

Wedding Venues Scottish Borders Wedding Venues from a castle or church, in a balloon, or ancient ruin or stately home, Do not look any further here is a comprehensive list of wedding venues and contact details for Edinburgh the lothians and Scottish Borders. Wedding Venues Scottish Borders Everything you need for a wedding in the Scottish Borders The Top Venues Full contact Details SCOTTISH BORDERS WEDDING VENUES Wedding Venues Cringletie House Hotel Edinburgh Road Peebles EH45 8PL Scottish Borders Scotland 01721 725750 Wedding Venues Gretna Wedding Bureau 131 Central Avenue Gretna Green DG16 5AQ Scottish Borders Scotland 01461 338 008 Wedding Venues GunsGreen House Gunsgreen Quay Eyemouth TD14 5SD Scottish Borders Scotland 01890 752 062 Wedding Venues Mansfield House Hotel Hawick Weensland Road Hawick TD9 8LB Scottish Borders Scotland 01450 360 400 Wedding Venues Cross Keys Hotel The Square Kelso TD5 7HL Scottish Borders Scotland 01573 223 303 Wedding Venues Melrose Abbey Abbey Street Melrose TD6 9LG Scottish Borders Scotland 0131 668 8686 Wedding Venues Kippielaw House Kippielaw Estate Melrose TD6 9HF Scottish Borders Scotland 01835 822 790 Wedding Venues Harmony House and Garden St Mary's Road Melrose TD6 9LJ Scottish Borders Scotland 0131 458 0200 Wedding Venues Oxenfoord Castle A68 left after Cranstoun Church Pathhead EH37 5UB Scottish Borders Scotland 01875 320 844 SCOTTISH BORDERS WEDDING VENUES Wedding Venues Macdonald Cardrona Hotel Cardrona Peebles EH45 8NE Scottish Borders Scotland 01896 831 144 Wedding Venues Barony Castle Eddleston Peebles EH45 8QW Scottish Borders Scotland 01721 730 395 Wedding Venues Traquair House Innerleithen Peebles EH44 6PW Scottish Borders Scotland 01968 830 323 Wedding Venues Peebles Hydro Innerleithen Road Peebles EH45 8LX Scottish Borders Scotland 01764 651 846 Wedding Venues Aikwood Tower B7009 by Ettrick Water Selkirk TD7 5HJ Scottish Borders Scotland 01750 700 500 Wedding Venues Haining (The) Castle Street Selkirk TD7 5AA Scottish Borders Scotland 07896 881 559 Wedding Venues Best Western Philipburn Country House Hotel Linglie Road Selkirk TD7 5LS Scottish Borders Scotland 01750 720 747 Wedding Venues Dryburgh Abbey Hotel Dryburgh Abbey St Boswells TD6 0RQ Scottish Borders Scotland 01835 8222261 Wedding Venues Buccleuch Arms The Green St Boswells TD6 0EW Scottish Borders Scotland 01835 822 243

High Street 4 the Lower Northside of the High Street Royal Mile from the Gates of Old Edinburgh at the Nether Bow up to the Tron Kirk which was the centre of old Edinburgh. see allthe attractions in the alleyways High Street Lower Northside Attractions Edinburgh The Gates of Old Edinburgh at the Nether Bow up to the Tron Kirk which was the centre of old Edinburgh. The High Street Lower area on the northside all the closes and attractions, from the oldest house and the renovated Trunk's close area there is much to see. Nether Bow Brass Cobbles High Street Lower North Side Attractions Edinburgh The outline of the Nether Bow Port can still be seen by the way of brass setts (cobbles) in the crossroads of St Mary's Street, Jeffrey Street the High Street and Canongate. Nether Bow High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh City Gates. There were walls around the city of Edinburgh with gates known as Ports, 6 in all. The Nether Bow was the most important gateway as it stood at the foot of the High Street. The port (Gate) access to and from the Canongate, which was at that time a separate Burgh. The walls were built originally for defence against invading armies into Edinburgh after 1513 the battle of Flodden. The Nether Bow, was rebuilt many times, the last time it was rebuilt was in 1606. In the 1700s the demolition of sections of the wall began. The Nether Bow was pulled down in 1764, and demolition of the wall continued into the 19th century. Today, a number of sections of the three successive walls survive, although none of the ports remain. You can see and find out more about Edinburgh’s history in the Museum of Edinburgh in the Canongate. Nether Bow Clock The clock that was centre of the Nether bow gate tower was preserved and moved to orphans hospital (Dean Gallery) near Dean Church in the Ravelston area of Edinburgh. Baron Maule’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh Baron Maule’s Close, Baron John Maule also Baron of Panmure and Benvie purchased a house in the close circa 1710 as all closes and courts in old Edinburgh the family name would determine the close or court name. Nether Bow Bell Nether Bow Stone Carved Plaque The great bell being hung originally in 1621 was cast in Holland and can be seen at the top of the bell tower above the main entrance of the Story Telling Centre. The Stone carved tablet on the wall of the centre was originally on the Nether Bow Gate. Storytelling Centre High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh The Scottish Storytelling Centre allows access to John Knox House, the oldest house in Edinburgh, the Nether Bow Theatre, and is the headquarters of the Scottish Storytelling Network. The Storytelling Court is open to the public, and has an exhibition for children. There is a book shop, gift shop and Licensed Café for all to use. Story telling Centre John Knox House High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh The house John Knox lived in can be found at the Nether bow in the High Street Edinburgh next to Mowbray House. This is one of the oldest buildings in Edinburgh built in the 1470s. John Knox House was first the residence of the Abbot of Dunfermline George Durie. John Knox was born in 1510 and was a Scottish clergyman and leader of the Protestant Reformation and was also considered the founder of the Presbyterian denomination. There is a statue of John Knox in the inner quadrangle of the Assembly Hall on the Mound. He also had a house in Warriston’s Close and his grave is in the car park No.23 at the back of St Giles Cathedral. John Knox House Nether Bow Wellhead High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh The final Wellhead in the Royal Mile or you could say in Edinburgh as the gates to Edinburgh were a short distance away at the Nether Bow Port (Gate). The first drinking water to be distributed to the people of Edinburgh was by the way of Wellheads which were supplied by pipes that came from the reservoir at Castlehill, now the Edinburgh Weaving Mill. The water supply was connected in 1676. The spring water came from Comiston Springs in the south near the Blackford Hill to the reservoir (storage tank) at Castlehill and from there it was pumped through pipes to the wellheads in the streets of Edinburgh. You will see on the Wellheads at the Nether Bow, Grassmarket and Lawnmarket were the water came out of the Wellhead the spouts were of ugly faces. The Nether Bow Wellhead was originally the Fountain Wellhead as is stood outside Fountain Court and then it was moved to its present position in 1813 due to heavy traffic (coach and horses). This is the oldest Wellhead that has survived and was built in the late 1600s. Mowbray House High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh George Jameson born in Aberdeen in 1588 was recognised as the best portrait painter of his time from the British Isles. He lived in Mowbray House and died in 1644 in Edinburgh and is buried in Greyfriars Churchyard. His work can be seen in the National Gallery of Scotland on the Mound. Mowbray House is on the left side going down Trunk’s Close. Trunk’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh This Trunk’s Close has had many names including Purvis, Stirling’s and Bryson’s Close and its name derived from the Turing’s of Foveran from Aberdeen. James Turing built a tenement in the Close. Stirling’s Close was William Stirling and Bryson’s Close was a rebuilt tenement owned by Andrew Bryson. The owners of tenements in closes usually called the close after their family name. Sir Patrick Geddes Trunk's Close Edinburgh In Trunk’s Close is a monument to Sir Patrick Geddes and a modern art sculpture of a Cockerel with a garden named Sandeman House Garden where the Scottish Book Trust is housed. The rear of the Trinity College Apse can also be seen. The families that lived in the close previously were named Turning, Bryson, Purvis and Stirling and Hope which evidence is still visible between circa 1450 and 1750. Ashley Buildings were also in the close now demolished. On the way down Trunk’s Close from the High street on the east (right) side of the close is the main wall of Mowbray House which has been standing over 500 years. Monteith’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh Monteith’s Close was named after the owner John Morrison (Moriesone) who built a large house on the east side of the close. Monteith’s Close was also known as Fleming’s land where Patrick Fleming and his family lived circa 1520 for over 200 years. Names of lands and closes were named by the owners of the property and a Monteith had a booth / shop at the head of the close and named the close after himself. Now it is Monteith’s Restaurant. Carrubber’s Mission High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh Carrubber’s Close Mission is a non-denominational Evangelical church in the High Street Edinburgh. The Atheist Meeting House was founded in 1858 in Carrubber’s Close to be found a few yards up the High Street towards Edinburgh Castle. The American Evangelist D.L Moody came to Edinburgh and was successful in raising funds to open the present mission hall in 1883. To this day Carrubber’s Christian Mission continues to have strong trans-Atlantic links. Chalmer’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh Chalmer’s Close This close was named after a Patrick Chalmers a craftsman and belt maker in 1682. It is the place the Trinity College Church was to be rebuilt as a concession to being removed to allow the Edinburgh railway station and rail lines to be built. However all that was completed was the apse of the Trinity College Church in circa 1876 almost 30 years after being taken down from its original site. This is the only surviving area of the Trinity College Church founded in 1460 which was moved brick by brick from its original site where the Waverley Station is now. Inside are the Pictish standing stones and medieval church brasses, also a shortcut to Jeffrey Street Edinburgh and the Waverley Rail Station. Chalmer's Close High Street Paisley Close Royal Mile High Street Edinburgh Paisley Close once known as East Bailie Fyfe’s Close stood for over 250 years and then fell down into itself and a new close was built named Paisley Close this was originally East Bailie Fyfe’s Close which would coincide with the reason the ornate entrance dedicated to the survivor of when the tenement fell down. On 10 November 1861 a building that had stood for 250 years sunk into the ground (107 High Street Edinburgh) burying the residents of the building.35 were found dead and on clearing the rubble the rescuers heard a voice from beneath the collapsed building. “Heave awa lads I’m no deid yet”. The rescuers pulled the boy (Joseph McIver) to safety and the town had the sculpture placed above the new named close in his memory, with the inscription which has been modified to read. “HEAVE AWA CHAPS I’M NO DEAD YET” Bailie Fyfe’s Close Royal Mile High Street Edinburgh Bailie Fyfe’s Close was named after Gilbert Fyfe, an Edinburgh merchant and Bailie of the City circa 1680, who lived in a house in the Close. Previously named Barry’s Close, and Trotter’s Close after John Trotter Laird of Mortonhall from 1635 when he acquired the Barony of Mortonhall. Window Lintel above Bailie Fyfe’s Close Look up to above the window on the 2nd Floor and you will see a carved lintel (marriage stone) with the initials of the couple that would have lived here at that time, the initials JT (John Trotter) and JM (Janet MacMath) and the date 1612. The Land (tenement) was once called Trotter’s Close in 1635 John Trotter became laird of Mortonhall, John Trotter was born in 1553 and died in 1641. He had 2 children, when John Trotter died he was buried in the Greyfriars Kirkyard where the Trotter of Mortonhall family mausoleum stands. Later William Fettes Grocers occupied a building at the top of Bailie Fyfe’s Close circa 1789. Morrison’s Close Royal Mile High Street Edinburgh Morrison’s Close in 1783 was where women of position could have their clothes made by a London fashion House “Chemize de Lorraine”. Window Lintel above Morrison’s Close The initials on the lintel above the window read; JS and CS with the date 1902 are the initials of the developers and petitioners J & G Stewart Ltd and the date of renovations completed on the tenement. The developers using an old Scottish tradition of who owned the property. This was usually, the husband and wife’s initials on the taking ownership or their marriage date. North Gray’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh North Gray’s Close was associated with the Edinburgh merchant Sydserf who lived here with his family and in 1581 he had a son who became a well-known figure in the church He graduated from Edinburgh in 1602 and joined the ministry in 1611 later becoming the Bishop of Brechin and later of Orkney. Bishop’s Close Royal Mile High Street Edinburgh Bishop’s Close was also part of Bishop’s Land, a large mansion house could be access from either close. Henry Dundas was born 28 April 1742 in the house known as 'Bishop's Land' and a Dr Demainbray lived in the close and had a boarding school for girls in 1746 after fighting for the English at Prestonpans. He was also said to have found the way to accelerate growth in plants by electrical current being applied. Carruber’s Close High Street Royal Mile Edinburgh Carrubber’s (Carruber’s) ( Carruthebber’s) Close many spellings but originally named after William De Caradris a Bailie of Edinburgh in 1454 also a James Hay of Carruber owned land and a coal yard on the east side of the present Carrubber’s close. This is a part of Bishop’s Land as this is where the Archbishop of St Andrews (John Spottiswood) resided in 1615. Henry Viscount Melville was born here in 1741. A fire destroyed 4 tenements in 1758 and then the area was destroyed by fire in 1814. The Tailor’s Hall was also present in Carrubber’s Close whose charter was granted in 1531. At the foot of the close was a theatre. On the land is now the Old St Paul’s Church . Carrubber’s Close was also the Last stronghold of the Jacobites. Carrubber's Close High Street Next - Jeffrey Street Edinburgh

Edinburgh New Town North Bridge Edinburgh connection of the Old Town Edinburgh to the New Town, Princes Street, George Street,Queen Street and the history and famous residents. North Bridge Edinburgh New Town North Bridge Edinburgh Connecting Old with New The Original North Bridge was founded in 1763, opening in 1772 to link the Edinburgh Old Town with the New Town. Due to the high volume of people and transport that used the bridge it was widened in 1876, it was then demolished in 1896 to make way for the present North Bridge which was opened in 1897. The main rail lines run underneath the bridge. At the foot of the bridge is the Balmoral Hotel and Princes Street and at the top are the Scotsman and Carlton Hotels and the famous Royal Mile. The statue on the East side of the bridge is dedicated to the King’s Own Scottish Borderers who fought in battles around the world. Behind the statue can be seen the Calton Hill, with the Martyrs Obelisk, Governor’s House, Nelson Monument and High School all visible. Must be near 1pm as the ball is going up the mast on the Nelson Monument. General Post Office Building The General Post Office building stands on an area Shakespeare Square at the east side of the North Bridge. This image is before the North Bridge was built. General Post Office in Edinburgh was built on the site of the Theatre Royal which opened in 1769 and closed in 1859. The foundation stone was laid by Prince Albert in October 1861, and the building opened in May 1866. It closed as the Post Office in 1995. The North British Station Hotel (Balmoral Hotel) The North British Station Hotel (The Balmoral) opened for Business in 1902 and is positioned next to the Waverley Station between Waverley Bridge and the North Bridge, which gives direct access to Edinburgh’s old town, The Royal Mile, Edinburgh Castle and The Palace of Holyrood House (Holyrood Palace). Directly behind the hotel is Calton Hill. The Hotel is at the east end of Princes Street, one of the most famous and picturesque streets in the world. The clock has historically been set 5 minutes fast giving rail travellers the illusion that they are late for their train. The site it stands on is where the first ever hotel in Edinburgh stood. James Young Simpson Duncan Flockhart & Co Plaque operated a pharmacy from a position at the foot of the North Bridge on part of the site now occupied by the Balmoral Hotel. Duncan Flockhart was to make the chloroform that James Young Simpson would use on his successful experiments on pain relief in 1847 which changed the way medical operations would be carried out. The plaque shows where the pharmacy was sited in 1847. FOUNDATION STONE NORTH BRIDGE BRONZE PLAQUE The King’s Own Scottish Borderers Memorial Monument On the 19th March 1689 David Leslie Earl of Leven gathered a regiment of soldiers within two hours to defend the City of Edinburgh. For Leven’s regiment’s gallantry in defending Edinburgh and later at the Battle of Killiecrankie with a resounding victory for the Jacobite’s lead by James VII of Scotland and II of England, the magistrates of Edinburgh gave the unique right of recruiting by the beat of the drum, marching through the Edinburgh streets with drums beating and flags flying and bayonets fixed. The regiment was later named The King’s Own Scottish Borderers. It is now part of the Royal Regiment of Scotland. Bronze Plaques The Old North Bridge Plaque is an illustration of the original North Bridge of the First North Bridge The North Bridge Plaque is of the details of when the foundation stone and the present bridge opened. Scotsman Steps The Scotsman Steps is a covered ornate pedestrian staircase for quick access to Waverley Station from the North Bridge. Named after the Scotsman building as it was next to the Scotsman's front doors. Built as a public staircase. It opened in 1902. Scotsman Newspaper Building Built for the Scotsman Newspaper and opened in 1904 as the headquarters for The Scotsman newspaper, with printing presses and news offices. Previously in a purpose built building in Cockburn Street built in 1860. North Bridge Arcade The North Bridge Arcade opened in 1900 as part of the larger development that integrated the North Bridge with the Scotsman building rare surviving example of a Victorian covered arcade in Scotland, Fictional Figure above the North Bridge entrance to the Arcade, attributed to William Birnie Rhind, is located above the arcade entrance. Figure of Peace: A statue representing "Peace" sits in an aedicule on the north elevation, crafted by Frederick Schenck. There are also statues of the Roman god Mercury as part of the arcade's decorative scheme. Night and Day: These figures, based on Michelangelo's famous sculptures, were created by Joseph Hayes. Next - St Andrew Square

Fun for all the family without the worry of the weather. Indoor activities for all ages soft play paintball and laser tag Arts and Crafts you'll find something for everyone. If your not in to active sports there are plenty of museums and art galleries all with free entry. Indoor Activities Edinburgh Fun for all the family without the worry of the weather. Indoor activities for all ages soft play paintball and laser tag Arts and Crafts you'll find something for everyone. If your not in to active sports there are plenty of museums and art galleries all with free entry. For the over 18's try whisky tasting, cooking, chocolate or fudge making or wine tasting. All Activities Water Sports Arts and Crafts All types of Dance Spa Day Comedy Clubs Shooting Climbing Whisky Tasting Sports Paintball Go Karts Archery Tenpin Bowling Ice Sports Escape Games Weddings Cocktail Masterclass Family Fun | Kids Day Out

Edinburgh New Town home of Sir Walter ScottHis story in Writers' Museum with artifacts, busts, statues and manuscripts and personal items about the great writer. Sir Walter Scott Scottish historical novelist and poet Lawyer and Sheriff Father: Walter Scott (1729–1799) Mother: Anne Rutherford (1733 - 1819) Walter Scott born 15 /08/1771 Sir Walter Scott’s wife Charlotte died in 1826. Sir Walter Scott die at his home, Abbotsford on 21 September 1832. In 1779 he went to the High School in Edinburgh (in High School Yards). In 1783 he stayed for six months with his aunt Jenny at Kelso in the Scottish Borders, where he also attended Kelso Grammar School. November 1783 he started at the University of Edinburgh age 12. Studying Law at the University of Edinburgh he became a Lawyer (like his father) he was admitted to the Faculty of Advocates in 1792. In 1797 he join the Royal Edinburgh Volunteer Light Dragoons when the French invaded Leith. Walter met Charlotte Charpentier of Lyon, three weeks later they were married on Christmas Eve 1797 in St Mary's Church, Carlisle. Sir Walter Scott was a member of the Freemason Lodge, St David, No. 36 (Edinburgh), in 1801 He was ordained as an elder in Duddingston Kirk in 1806. Walter Scott published Marmion in 1808. Walter Scott’s most famous titles include Ivanhoe, Rob Roy, The Lady of the Lake, Waverley, The Heart of Midlothian and The Bride of Lammermoor. Sir Walter Scott's Birthplace Edinburgh Near this spot stood the house in which Walter Scott was born on the 15 August 1771. The family lived here until 1774. The street which is no longer here, was College Wynd a street leading to the university building called the old College. Sir Walter Scott's Childhood Home 25 George Square Edinburgh which was outside the city walls is where Walter Scott grew up until he married at 26. Walter Scott was born on 15 August 1771, in a third-floor apartment on College Wynd. Walter Scott moved to one of the first houses to be built in George Square Edinburgh with his parents. Sir Walter Scott's Residences Walter Scott first rented a flat in 50 George Street for just under a year then late in 1798 moved to 10 Castle Street and lived there for 3 years. At that time he also leased a cottage in Lasswade, from 1798 -1804 for a summer residence where he would have many guests and groups of literary figures. It was here his career as an author began. They lived in a rented flat 50 George Street Edinburgh until 1802 when they moved to a house at 39 North Castle Street Edinburgh which he kept until 1826. In 1804, he gave up the lease on Lasswade and leased a house at Ashiestiel 8 miles from Selkirk, where the family lived for 7 years. Keeping 39 North Castle Street for a winter residence. His next property was to be his final home from 1811 till his death in 1832. He purchased the farm called Cartley Hole Farm. Which he renamed after a ford in the river where monks from the Abbey used, “Abbotsford”. Over the years he would find ways to enlarge the house, acquiring previous building materials from the old house being knocked down in Edinburgh. The first phase in 1811–12, then a wide scale expansions in 1816–19 and 1822–24. He was still living in North Castle Street, while developing Abbotsford. Makars' Court Lawnmarket Edinburgh The slab that is in Makars' Court Royal Mile Edinburgh with the inscription; This is my own, my native land Sir Walter Scott 1771 - 1832 Writers' Museum Robert Burns & Sir Walter Scott The one and only time Robert Burns and Walter Scott (at age 15yrs) met was in the house of Professor Adam Ferguson in Sciennes House Place, also present were Adam Smith, Dugald Stewart and Joseph Black. This was a meeting place of the hierarchy of Edinburgh society. Finding The Crown Jewels The lost Crown Jewels (Honours of Scotland) thought lost were found in a box unopened for over 100 years by Walter Scott in the Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle on 19 August 1818 Kings Visit Sir Walter Scott’s Invitation With the connection, Sir Walter Scott had with the then Prince Regent George the Council of Edinburgh set the task for Sir Walter Scott to invite the new King George IV to Edinburgh, the first monarch to stand on Scottish soil from King Charles II at his Scottish coronation at Sone in 1651. A pre-requisite of his invitation was that he was to wear kilts. (Tartan having been banned from 1746 in the Highland Clearings). In July 1822 knowing of his visit ordered Kilts in bright red Royal Tartan, later known as Royal Stuart, which he wore as requested on his visit. It was the largest gathering of the clans after Culloden to honour the King whose bloodline went back to Bonnie Prince Charlie. Sir Walter Scott, brought together a pageant of amazing magnitude presenting King George IV as the new Jacobite king. King George IV wore his Highland dress (Kilts) at the Palace of Holyrood House on 17 August 1822 to a ball in his honour. Knighting Walter Scott Prince Regent George later to be King George IV granted Walter Scott the title of baronet: in April 1820. Making him Sir Walter Scott. Sir Walter Scott was the first baronet King George IV appointed after his coronation on 19 July 1821. Scott Monument Honouring Sir Walter Scott The Scott Monument, an icon of Edinburgh, a Gothic spire built in 1844 to honour Sir Walter Scott can be found in East Princes Street Gardens of Princes Street Edinburgh. This 200 foot tall monument to Scottish author Sir Walter Scott was funded mostly by a great admirer and author Catherine Sinclair. Climb the steps to the top see statues of other great historic figures and for an exceptional view of Edinburgh city centre. The picture below shows the Monument from North Bank Street with South St David Street in the background. Scott Monument Plaques The inscriptions on the plaque on the stone reads; The Scott Monument. This Plaque and stone commemorate the restoration of the nearby memorial to one of Scotland’s greatest writers SIR WALTER SCOTT (1771- 1832). The monument was built between 1840 and 1846 with stone from the Binny quarry in West Lothian. Which was specially reopened for the 1998 – 1999 restoration. The project was supported by The Heritage lottery fund Historic Scotland and The City of Edinburgh Council Replica Scott Monument Honouring Catherine Sinclair The Victorian Gothic spire of the Scott Monument that stands in East Princes Street Gardens Edinburgh was designed by George Meikle Kemp. It was completed in 1844 and stand over 200 foot high (61mtrs). The funding to build it was made possible by another great writer Catherine Sinclair who donated the majority of the funds. Catherine Sinclair was honoured by Edinburgh Council with her own monument on the corner of St Colme Street Edinburgh a replica of the Scott Monument that she funded. More about Walter Scott

Archerfield Golf Resort and The Renaissance golf club both have championship cources the Renaissance home to the Scottish Open, Archerfield name by the Royal Archers and golf from the 1600'sArcherfield House walled gardens Archerfield Resort East Lothian Coast Archerfield House Archerfield East Lothian Coast Archerfield is an area between Gullane and North Berwick on the east coast of Scotland on the A198 road. On the estate during excavation when building the golf course and club house there were signs of a settlement being in the area dating circa 1080. King Edward I, and his troops were encamped at Archerfield during the English advance on Scotland in 1298. Sir John Nisbet acquired the Dirleton Estate in 1663 which the present Archerfield estate was part of. He built the present house circa 1690 to replace what was his previous home Dirleton Castle which stand as a ruin close by. Royal Archers Archerfield East Lothian Coast Dirleton Castle was not to Nisbets liking, so he decided to build a mansion house which he called Archerfield House as the Royal Archers practised in the fields close by. Golf on Archerfield Estate Archerfield East Lothian Coast The Golf Courses at Archerfield House, the Dirleton Links a true links course and Fidra a course with both parkland and links, are both exceptional also a place to land your helicopter and have breakfast, lunch and dinner, next door the Renascence Club has everyone in Golf circles talking of a high standard challenging golf course for professional and amateur golfers. Archerfield Walled Garden Archerfield East Lothian Coast The Walled Garden is a great place to spend a day with a Bistro restau rant and tables indoor and outdoor. The Fairy Wood is close by and there are many fairy’s houses that can be spotted, buy fairy dust in the shop and sprinkle it in the wood to attract the fairies. The nature trail (Willow Walk) has many things to see with a maze from willow trees and the wishing tree all that is needed is a dry day and there is everything for the family. Archerfield Willow Walk East Lothian Coast The Fairy wood with a walkway and many fairy Houses (find the fairies and see their houses) and willow walk (with a wishing tree which you can tie a ribbon on) both are popular with all young children. There is also a bothy, bistro and shop with a children’s secure play park. Archerfield Fairy Trail East Lothian Coast Get your fairy dust before you go on the trail and see where the Fairies all live. Next - Dirleton

St Andrews known as the home of golf has many more attractions and hiostoric sites. With Scotland's oldest University and many inventions and world historic sites to see, a day trip to St Andrews is a must. Also golden sand beaches. St Andrews Attractions St Andrews is known for its Golf and University. So I took a trip to St Andrews to see Buildings Plaques Monuments etc and ended up with over 80 different places to visit all in walking distance of the centre of St Andrews. Just like my www.allaboutedinburgh.co.uk look at Edinburgh, Famous People + Places. history and interesting facts. Saint Andrew Born circa AD 5 - Died AD 65 Saint Andrew or Saint Andréa's of Greece is the patron saint of Scotland. His bones were brought from Greece by a holy man named Rule, later St Rule (Regulus) from the area of Patras in Greece in the mid-4th century AD. Rule protected the bones of Saint Andrew from the Romans by taking them as far north from Greece as possible ending his journey in Scotland. Circa 1070 in the time of Malcolm III a church (St Rule’s Tower St Andrews Fife) was built to protect the bones of St Andrew. Queen Margaret visited St Andrews on many pilgrimages and may have had A part in the building of the church. Map of St Andrews Attractions Golf Place St Andrew's Streets The Scores The Pends St Andrews Golf Courses St Salvator's Chapel South Street St Mary's Quad North Street Holy Trinity Church St Andrews Attractions Index click on the heading to go to the pictures and history in each area St Andrews Golf Courses Golf Courses of St Andrews New Course St Andrews Old Course St Andrews The Castle Course St Andrews Torrance Course St Andrews Kittocks Course St Andrews Jubilee Course St Andrews Duke's Golf Course St Andrews Kingsbarns Golf Links St Andrews Eden Course St Andrews Strathtyrum Course St Andrews Balgove Course St Andrews St Andrews Streets City Road near West Port St Andrews Attractions (across from West Gate) Gavin Douglas Plaque St Mary's Place St Andrews Attractions Blue Stane Thomas Rodger Studio West Infant School Gateway Market Street St Andrews Attractions Whyte-Melville Memorial Fountain Mercat Cross Paul Craw Plaque The Pends St Andrews The Pends St Andrews Attractions Pends Gatehouse Route to cathedral one way street Entrance Cathedral Cemetery St Andrews Cathedral St Rules Tower Tom and Tommy Morris Graves St Andrews Cathedral Museum St Leonard's School St Andrews Attractions Brewster and Heddle Plaque St Leonard's Chapel St Andrews Attractions Robert Wilkie Monument, Peter Bruce Monument, Robert Stewart, Earl of March Monument Slab on Floor Canon William Ruglyn Gregory Lane St Andrews Attractions The Roundel St Andrews War Memorial Douglas of Lochleven Plaque Pilgrim Way End Disc James Haldenstone Plaque The Scores St Andrews The Scores St Andrews Attractions Statue of Tom Morris Snr Band Stand St Andrews Aquarium Martyrs' Monument Robert Chambers House St Katherine’s West Simple Sugars Plaque Wardlaw Museum Edgecliffe House St Andrews Poetry Castle St Andrews Castle GW (George Wishart) in Cobbles George Wishart Plaque East Scores St Andrews Attractions Pathway to; The Pends St Mary on the Rock Defence Canon St Andrews Harbour St Andrews Pier East Sands South Street St Andrews North Street St Andrews Greyfriars Gardens St Andrews Attractions Greyfriars Monastery Bridge Street St Andrews Attractions New York Cottage Buchanan Gardens St Andrews Attractions St Andrews Observatory Doubledykes Road St Andrews Attractions Kinburn House St Andrews Museum Jurassic Garden General Sikorski Memorial Canongate St Andrews Attractions Botanic Gardens Trinity Place / Hallowhill St Andrews Attractions Hallow Hills Pictish Burial Ground Abbotsford Crescent St Andrews Attractions Jo Grimond Plaque Mount Melville,KY16 8NX St Andrews Attractions Craigtoun House Craigtoun Country Park South Street St Andrews Attractions South Street St Andrews Gillespie Sundial (No.19) Boswell and Johnson Plaque (South Court) James David Forbes plaque + House South Street George Martine Plaque King James Library Gregory's Meridian Line St Mary's Quad - South Street St Mary's Quad Arch St Mary's College Old Oak Tree St Mary's Quad Beaton's House Principals House Queen Mary's Thorn Tree Hamilton Tower Coat of Arms Hamilton Founders House Bird Bath Mary's Sundial Henry Wardlaw Statue Bell Pettigrew Museum South Street Royal Coat of Arms Tablet Christian Institute Bailie Bell's House and Foundry Statue of St Andrew (corner Church Street) Holy Trinity Church Clock Tower, War Memorial, Stain Glass Windows Sharp Aisle, J Knox, Pulpit Bell Tower Statue of Hamish McHamish South Street St Andrews Town Hall Polish Forces Mosaic, St Andrews Dr John Adamson's House (Plaque) Robert Burns Club Plaque Blackfriars Chapel Lapworth Plaque Andrew Bell Plaque Madras College Early 18th Century Houses West Port St Andrews St Andrews Coat of Arms (on West Port) North Street St Andrews Attractions St Andrews Heritage Museum & Garden Fitzroy Barometer Jock Hutchison Plaque St Salvator’s Chapel St Andrews Attractions Kennedy Tomb Hugh Spen Virgin and Child St Salvator’s Clock Tower Face Carved in Tower Bishop Kennedy’s Coat of Arms Tablet PH in Cobbles and Plaque St Salvator's Quadrangle Names on Path St Salvator's Cloisters Lower College Hall North Street College Gate Benjamin Franklin Plaque James Crichton House (Plaque) Józef Kosacki Plaque Pilmour Links continuation of North Street St Andrews Attractions Auchterlonie Plaque Tom and Tommy Morris‘s House Golf Place St Andrews Golf Place St Andrews Attractions Baron Playfair Fountain Royal & Ancient Golf Club R&A World Golf Museum Old Pavilion St Andrews Links Plaque Allan Robertson The Links St Andrews Attractions St Andrews Golf Club New Golf Club, St Andrews Swilcan Bridge

The Fountainbridge Area Edinburgh the start of the Union Canal 007 Sean Connery's birthplace, EICC, Retail, food, drink, accommodation all near the City Centre Fountainbridge Area Edinburgh Attractions Edinburgh Quay Fountainbridge Edinburgh Fountainbridge area of Edinburgh has been going through a redevelopment over the last few years and is now a modern business area with a leisure area that has a multiplex cinema, bowling alley, casino, children’s soft play centre, restaurants, pubs and the canal basin with barges which can be hired, or go for a slow cruise and have dinner. When Sean Connery returned to unveil a plaque dedicated to where he was born he was amazed at the changes that had been made to the area. The Edinburgh International Conference Centre is also nearby and has events all year around. There are hotels, self-catering and serviced apartments nearby and it is all a short walk to the city centre and Haymarket Rail Station. Edinburgh Quay Attractions Edinburgh Edinburgh Quay is where the Union canal basin (end) is located. You can follow the canal to where it joins the Forth and Clyde canal at the world famous Falkirk Wheel opened in 2002 it re-joins the 2 canals for the first time since the 1930s. Take a barge trip or sit by the shore and have lunch and drinks at the shore side bars and restaurants. Union Canal Barge Centre Union Canal Barge Centre Edinburgh Attractions Edinburgh Union Canal Barge Centre is close to the Leamington Lift Bridge where you start the trip on a Barge. Take a barge trip on a slow moving barge have lunch High tea or drinks and see the sites as you cruise along. THE FALKIRK WHEEL The Falkirk Wheel is the first barge lift in the world which replaces the loch system. Opened in 2002 it is an engineering break through to connect the Forth and Clyde Canal and the Union Canal. The Falkirk Wheel can carry eight or more boats at a time. You can enjoy a return trip which take around 1 hour. THE KELPIES The Kelpies are the largest equine sculptures in the world. The heads are called Duke and Baron, Duke on the left is 26.3m and Baron on the right is 30m. There are tours of both which you can go on. Take the barge that goes on the wheel and you can go inside the horse’s heads. Both sites mark where the canal system connects the east and the west of Scotland. The Kelpies are mythical beasts that lured Victims to their deaths by drowning. SIR THOMAS SEAN CONNERY Born 25 August 1930 and live at 176 Fountainbridge in Edinburgh. Sean Connery is probably the most famous and well known Scottish actor. He is best known for his role as James Bond between 1962 and 1983. His first job however was delivering milk in Edinburgh local people from the local base at Grove Street. The plaque has been place at the location where he was born which is now a new build and street called Melvin Walk. Edinburgh International Conference Centre Morrison Street Edinburgh Edinburgh Meat Market Arch Fountainbridge Next - Craigentinny - Restalrig

Edinburgh Castle not to be missed when visiting Edinburgh. A fortress in the centre of Edinburgh over 1500 years inhabited. See its history, museums, Royal Palace, Great Hall an St Margaret's Chapel the oldest building in Edinburgh still in use for its original purpose. Edinburgh Castle Attractions All About Edinburgh Castle History Edinburgh Castle History Edinburgh Castle Rock was formed over 300 million years ago by volcanic eruptions. Probably, the first evidence of inhabitants on the rock was in the Bronze Age circa 900 BC. This was due to evidence of an Iron Age fort being unearthed dated circa 900 BC. Edinburgh Castle First Fortress The first writings probably were about a fortress on Edinburgh Castle Rock circa 600 AD in a poem Gododdin. This tells of Gododdin a race of warriors who lived in the south-east of Scotland and north-east England. Gododdin left the fortress of Din Eiden (Edinburgh) to battle with the Angles of Northumbria. Consequently, The Gododdin were wiped out and the Angles of Northumbria took control of the area. Scottish Borders King Malcolm II took over control of the area in 1016 at the Battle of Carham. He also changed the border of Scotland to the River Tweed as Northumbria once extended as far as the River Forth. Edinburgh Castle Occupation Edinburgh Castle was originally built of wood by Malcolm III circa 1070. It was then built of stone by King David I circa 1130. Also including the building of a small Chapel for his mother Margaret. (St Margaret’s Chapel) the oldest surviving building in Edinburgh Castle. The occupation of Edinburgh Castle in 1296 by Edward I of England lasted until early 1314. Consequently the Scots led by Thomas Randolph – First earl of Moray recaptured Edinburgh Castle for the Scots. Similarly in 1335 the English under Edward III also lost control in 1341 when William Douglas regained it for the Scots. In 1361 David II strengthened the fortifications of Edinburgh Castle and built a tower. David’s Tower probably over 80 foot high which unfortunately was destroyed in the Lang Siege 1573. Unfortunately there are only underground remnants still visible. David II died in Edinburgh Castle 1371. Last Royal Occupation Edinburgh Castle Finally, the last King to reside in Edinburgh Castle was Charles I in 1633 before his coronation. In 1650 Edinburgh Castle was once again under attack by the English led by Oliver Cromwell. After several months of siege, Edinburgh Castle was surrendered to Oliver Cromwell and the English forces. When Charles II was restored as King. He set up an army garrison in Edinburgh Castle that remained until the 1920’s. Edinburgh Castle became a tourist attraction and was open to visitors circa 1833. It is now one of the world’s most visited attractions in the UK. All the Attractions of Edinburgh Castle Edinburgh Castle Gates Originally there were two gates that protected Edinburgh Castle. Firstly the gate from the Esplanade over the drawbridge and then the inner barrier gate. Later a further gate was built, the Portcullis Gate. The Castle Gates plaque reads; For a period of at least 2000 years, this fortress was defended by the outer gate at the head of the esplanade. Edinburgh Castle Drawbridge Edinburgh Castle Gatehouse Gatehouse Plaque Sir William Kirkcaldy Edinburgh Castle Fortress Firstly look up high on the rock left before the Portcullis Gate. Where there is a memorial plaque to Sir William Kirkcaldy. The inscription reads: In memory of Sir William Kirkcaldy of Grange. Justly reputed to be one of the best soldiers and most accomplished cavaliers of his time. He held this castle for Queen Mary from May 1568 to May 1573. And after its honourable surrenders, suffered death for his devotion to Her cause on 3 August 1573. Sir William Kirkcaldy Tablet Thomas Randolph Earl of Moray Edinburgh Castle Fortress Further into the castle on the wall after the Portcullis Gate and the Lang Stairs a further plaque can be seen and reads; To commemorate Thomas Randolph Earl of Moray. A distinguished soldier and diplomatist. Who recovered this castle in 1313 after it had been for 20 years in the hands of the English. Thomas Randolph Earl of Murray Tablet Edinburgh Castle Argyle Tower Edinburgh Castle Fortress The Argyle Tower was built on to the top of the portcullis gate in 1867 and entrance is at the top of the Lang Stairs the original access to Edinburgh Castle. Named after the the 9th Earl of Argyle (Archibald Campbell) 1663-85. Imprisoned in the room above the Portcullis Gate before his execution June 1685. He was executed when found guilty of treason 19 Dec 1681. Because he lead a rebellion against the Roman Catholic Church and James VII of Scotland. Old Guardhouse Inner Barrier Edinburgh Castle Fortress The Old Guard house was built in 1853. Detention cells were added in 1866 and also later used as the Quartermaster stores. The present Guardhouse pictured above replaced the Old Guardhouse in 1887. The Inner Barrier posts where a large wooden gate would have hung, stand at each side of the road. Almost beside the door to the old guardhouse. Edinburgh Castle Old Guardhouse & Inner Barrier Edinburgh Castle Old Guardhouse & Inner Barrier Portcullis Gate Edinburgh Castle Fortress The first gateway after a short walk uphill gets you to the Portcullis Gate. Also Built after the Lang Siege in 1573 on the site of the Constable’s Tower. The large spikes of the Portcullis are only open for visitors and closed to stop any unwanted invasion. The upper section of the gates were added circa 1887. The Portcullis Gate plaque reads; 1574 -77 Built after the long siege of 1571-3. As the main gateway into the castle. It stands on the site of the medieval Constable’s Tower. The top storey was added in 1887. Edinburgh Castle Portcullis Gate Edinburgh Castle Portcullis Gate Edinburgh Castle Portcullis Gate Plaque Lang Stairs Edinburgh Castle Fortress First of all when through the portcullis gate on entering Edinburgh Castle to the left are the Lang Stairs. This is the most direct route to the highest point of the Castle Rock. The Lang Stairs was the main access to the summit of the castle rock in the middle ages.Furthermore on the right near the top of the Lang Stairs is the Argyle Tower. This was the original entrance under Constable’s Tower. Constables Tower was also destroyed in the Lang Siege of 1573. The easy way up is by the hill with setts creating a road that winds up the slope. Installed to make it easier to get the cannon to the battlements. The Water Tank Foog’s Gate Edinburgh Castle Fortress The circular building on the way to Foog’s Gate is an old iron water tank which stored the water for Edinburgh Castle. The water was supplied from St Margaret's well at the foot of the rock which in turn supplied the Fore Well. Foog’s Gate E dinburgh Castle Fortress Foog’s Gate built after the Lang Siege circa 1580 was a further gate to stop invaders. No one knows the background to the name. Maybe it is to do with fog or low cloud that often settles on Edinburgh Castle. Foog’s Gate gives entry to the Upper Ward, the highest part of Edinburgh Castle. The Gate is attached to the building that houses a great water tank made of iron (not in use) that was a store of water for Edinburgh Castle. Foog’s Gate plaque reads; The main entrance to the citadel by the 17th century. The perimeter wall looped for both cannon and musketry, was builtin King Charles II’s reign (1660- 85). Edinburgh Castle Mons Meg Cannon Mons Meg is a Belgian cannon given to James II as a gift in 1457. Named after where it was tested in Mons in Belgium. Mons Meg was a super gun that could shoot a cannonball up to 2 miles. Mons Meg was last used in battle circa 1554 and was last fired circa 1680, when the barrel burst. It spent many years in England. Mons Meg was finally returned to the Castle in 1829 and has been on the battlements ever since. One o’clock Gun Edinburgh Castle Fortress . A 105 mm field gun is fired from Mills Mount in Edinburgh Castle Monday – Saturday at 13.00 hours. Sundays it does not fire as no seamen work on the Sabbath. Good Friday and Christmas Day are also days it is not fired. A gun has been fired here since 1861 as an audio time signal to shipping in the Firth of Forth. The original signal was the Time Ball which was on the mast of Nelson Monument on Calton Hill. The Time Ball The Time Ball on the mast of Nelson’s monument was originally a visual aid for the sailors in the Leith port and the Firth of Forth to set their chronometers by. Due to the weather being overcast in Edinburgh often, an audio aid was introduced (The One O’clock Gun) in 1861, in addition to the Time Ball. David’s Tower Edinburgh Castle Fortress David’s Tower probably built by David II, circa 1368 once stood almost 80 feet (25 mtrs) high consequently giving a view of 360 degrees for an early warning of invaders by sea or land. The remains of the tower are below ground as the tower was bombarded by cannon during the Lang Siege of 1571 – 1573 and all but destroyed. As a result The Half Moon Battery was built to replace it after the Lang Siege in 1573. Most noteworthy In 1941 the Scottish crown jewels were taken from the crown room where they are on display today. They were buried below in the depths of David’s Tower. For the reason that if the Germans invaded they would not find the Honours of Scotland (Crown Jewels). Consequently the Germans did not invade they were brought back out from their hiding place and returned to the crown room. Half Moon Battery Edinburgh Castle Fortress . David II built David’s Tower circa 1361 and it was destroyed in the Lang Siege in May 1573. Rebuilding took place immediately with the Half Moon Battery where David’s Tower had stood. A Great Half Bastion Round built by Lord Chancellor of Scotland Regent Morton which you can see today. The Fore Well Edinburgh Castle Fortress The Fore Well, circa 115 feet (34 mtrs) deep, was the Castle’s main water supply mentioned when Robert the Bruce blocked it in 1314 attack as the Scots retained the Castle. The Water could also have been the source of Saint Margaret’s Well at the foot of the castle rock in West Princes Street Gardens. Circa 1080. Still in use circa 1840. Access to Saint Margaret’s Well is over the foot bridge at the rear of the Ross Bandstand in West Princes Street Gardens Forewall Battery Edinburgh Castle Fortress The Forewall Battery with 5 cannon pointing over what was the Nor Loch to the north the battery first built circa 1545 and rebuilt and extended 1573. The iron basket on the wall was light to warn the people of Edinburgh the expected invasion. Royal Scots Regiment of Scotland Museum Edinburgh Castle The Royal Scots museum tells the stories from over 350 years of campaigning, most noteworthy are the six Victoria Crosses on display and the stories of heroic deeds behind them. The Royal Scots were the oldest serving infantry regiment in the British Army. Founded in 1633 when Sir John Hepburn raised a body of men in Scotland for service in France in the Thirty Years’ War. Under a Royal Warrant granted by King Charles I known as ‘Pontius Pilate’s Bodyguard’. Also now known 1st Battalion The Royal Regiment of Scotland, abbreviated to 1 SCOTS. Royal Scots Royal Scots Dragoon Guards Regimental Museum Edinburgh Castle The Regimental Museum tells the history of the Scottish regiments, their heroes and unique artefacts from battles. The most important artefact being the flag taken by Ensign Ewart from the French at the Battle of Waterloo. Royal Scots Dragoon Guards are the senior Scottish regiment in the British Army. In the museum can be seen the French Eagle and Standard captured at the Battle of Waterloo by Ensign Ewart. The Royal Scots Dragoon Guards are a light cavalry regiment famous for its iconic victory at the Battle of Waterloo 1815. Also were part of the charge of the Light brigade. Read the story of Ensign Ewart and how they adopted the Eagle as their emblem. Ensign Ewart’s memorial stone stands on the Castle Esplanade with his grave stone behind it. Read the hole story “Taking of the Flag” Dragoon Guards Dury’s Battery Edinburgh Castle Fortress The Dury Battery was named after Captain Theodore Dury who built the battery after the 1708 Jacobite rising. Captain Dury was the military engineer for Scotland. In 1757 the guns were removed and the battery was converted into an exercise yard for prisoners of war. Furthermore, the Military Prison and the War Prisoners Prison are also located in this yard. The Scottish National War Memorial Edinburgh Castle The Scottish National War Memorial Edinburgh Castle tells the story of Scotland at war with many items from the past that tell great stories of battles won and to many that were lost. The National war memorial commemorates all who have fallen in wars from 1914 to this day. A display of the rolls of honour, is of all in Scottish services and civilians who were casualties of wars. The Scottish National War Memorial is a building in Crown Square which is at the height of Edinburgh Castle rock on which Edinburgh Castle stands. The Building was opened in 1927. The Memorial is open to the public, free of charge on application to the Castle Ticket Office. Governor’s House Edinburgh Castle The Governor’s House was built as accommodation in 1742 for the Governor of Edinburgh Castle and are still used for the same purpose. Edinburgh Castle St Margaret’s Chapel St Margaret’s Chapel Edinburgh Castle was built by David I circa 1130 for his mother Queen Margaret. The Chapel was renamed in 1250 when Margaret was canonised, therefore St Margaret’s Chapel. The Oldest building n Edinburgh Castle is St Margaret’s Chapel Probably also in Edinburgh. Which is still in use today. Stone of Destiny Now in Perth Museum In 1292 John Balliol was most certainly the last king to use the Stone of Destiny. He became king in 1292 until 1296. In 1296 the Stone of Destiny was captured by Edward I of England and taken to Westminster Abbey in London. The Stone of Destiny was finally returned to Scotland on St Andrews Day 1996 the first time in 700 years. There are also many stories of the Stone of Destiny’s origins from Syria to Egypt, from Spain. Before arriving in Ireland and then Scotland. The Stone of destiny is beside the Scottish Crown Jewels (Honours of Scotland) in the Crown Room of Edinburgh Castle. I have to images of the Crown Jewels as they are in a special glass case restricting photographs. There is a monument of Robert the Bruce having himself crowned as King of Scotland at Scone in 1306. Edinburgh Castle The Scottish Crown Jewels (The Honours of Scotland) The Scottish Crown Jewels have been in continuous occupation of Edinburgh Castle since 1660. Most noteworthy the Honours of Scotland were forgotten about as they had been abolished in 1707 and locked away. Subsequently they were found locked in a chest in the crown room by Sir Walter Scott in 1818. As a result they have been on display in the Crown Room ever since. The Crown jewels consist of a crown, sceptre and sword of state. Firstly used in a group for the coronation of Mary Queen of Scots in 1543. The Sceptre is thought to have been a gift from the Pope Alexander VI in 1494. The Crown was a design for King James V in 1540 and the Sword gifted to King James IV in 1507 by Pope Julius II. The Scottish Crown Jewels (Honours of Scotland) are the oldest Crown Jewels in the British Isles. The images below are replicas in an outer room of the crown room. Edinburgh Castle Dog Cemetery Royal Palace Edinburgh Castle Royal Palace Edinburgh Castle was were Mary Queen of Scots gave birth to her son James in 1566. He was later to become James VI. Mary of Guise was French (Marie de Guise) born on 22 November 1515 was the wife of James V and Queen of Scots from 1538 to 1542. She gave birth to Mary later to be Mary Queen of Scots. Also served as Regent of Scotland in her daughter’s name from 1554 to 1560. Mary de Guise died in Edinburgh Castle in 1560. For security she had a Palace and Chapel built at the foot of Castlehill. Only the facade remains as the University of Edinburgh demolished it to build the New College in 1846. James VI returned To Edinburgh Castle in 1617 for the Jubilee celebrations. Finally the last royal to stay in Edinburgh Castle being Charles I in 1633. The Royal Palace Plaque reads; The residence of the Stewart Kings and Queens in the 15th & 16th centuries. The birthplace of King James VI in 1566 and the home of The Scottish Crown Jewels. Edinburgh Castle Birth Room James VI Antechamber Laich Hall The Laich (low) Hall is in the Royal Palace in Crown Square of Edinburgh Castle. This is where many Royal banquets and dances took place. Also can be found there is the antechamber and birth room. Where Mary Queen of Scots gave birth to her son James. Who was to become James the VI of Scotland and James the 1st of England. King James VI was the last King of Scotland and after the Union of the Crowns in 1603 also became King James I of England. The Great Hall Edinburgh Castle Great Hall, Edinburgh Castle, Crown Square. Built by King James IV circa 1480 and completed in circa 1510 and restored in 1888. This hall is a magnificent architectural sight, with its the original hammer-beam (wooden) ceiling. Certainly the best preserved in any of the Castles of Great Britain. Also the painting of Ensign Ewart is on the end wall with weapons and armour. Finally do not miss the key to Edinburgh Castle also in the Great Hall. Used now by the Royals for State and Royal functions. Edinburgh Castle Prisons Thomas III de Grey First Prisoner Edinburgh Castle The first prisoners of war known, date back to at least 1355. Maybe, the first being Thomas III de Grey an English knight captured in 1355. While captive he began to write the “Scalacronica” the history of England from 1272 – 1362 furthermore he used the Castle library for reference. Another was Brigadier William Mackintosh, Laird of Borlum Inverness (Mackintosh of Borlum) one of the leaders in the Jacobite uprising of 1715 who spent his last 20 plus years a prisoner in Edinburgh Castle. Foreign Prisoners French prisoners were held in Edinburgh Castle in 1757 from the 7 years war and soldiers of America, Italy, France, Spain, Netherlands and Poland were held prisoner here circa 1760. Many of the prisoners scratched their names into the doors and walls of the vaults. Finally in 18811 when 49 prisoners escaped from Edinburgh Castle Prison it was deemed unsuitable and no further prisoners were placed in Edinburgh Castle. Edinburgh Castle Military Prison Edinburgh Castle Military Prison first of all opened 1842 and finally closed 1923. This small Victorian prison was built as a result of offending soldiers from the castle garrison and those of visiting regiments. Queen Anne Building Crown Square Edinburgh Castle The Queen Anne building was built circa 1710 after the Jacobite uprising of 1708. The main function was barracks for officers and Castle gunners. Also this site previously was where the royal gun house stood and furthermore the position where Mons Meg first stood. Field Marshal Earl Douglas Haig First of all, Douglas Haig was born a son of famous whisky distiller's in Edinburgh on 19th June 1861. He finally died in 1928 and was buried at Dryburgh Abbey. His grave stone stands beside the family grave of Sir Walter Scott. Finally he founded the Haig Fund (who make the Poppies) and the Royal British Legion. Douglas Haig Military Career Firstly, in his military career he was enrolled in the Royal Military College at Sandhurst in 1884. In June 1899 Haig went to South Africa to serve in the Boer War. Douglas Haig became major-general, certainly the youngest officer to hold the rank in the British Army. He also was responsible for training the Indian Cavalry. Furthermore in 1909 Haig was appointed as chief of staff in India. Most noteworthy In 1910, Douglas Haig took command of the 1st Army Corps of the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) based in Aldershot. Consequently Haig and the (BEF) went to France in August 1914. He became commander in chief of the (BEF). Finally, General Haig after a long and bloody battle over several months (July –December) brought an end to the Somme Offensive. As a result in that time, it is estimated, the British army suffered over 400,000 casualties, the French 200,000 and Germans circa 500,000 casualties. Because of his actions Haig was nicknamed “The Butcher of the Somme”. He used human life with no regards to consequences. Douglas Haig Honours He was finally knighted (Knight of the Order of the Thistle) in July 1917 and consequently became Sir Douglas Haig. Furthermore, in 1919 he was made Earl Haig then finally in 1921 Baron Haig of Bemersyde. The statue of of Douglas Haig is in the square outside the Hospital in Edinburgh Castle. Plaque Finally the plaque on the statue in Edinburgh Castle reads; This statue was present to the City of Edinburgh by Sir Dhunjibhoy Bomanji of Bombay. In admiration of the service rendered to the British Empire by the Field Marshal. Also the engraved stone on the house in Charlotte Square Edinburgh reads; In this house Douglas Haig was born 19th June 1861. Douglas Haig’s grave stone in Dryburgh Abbey have the words; Douglas Haig born in Edinburgh June 19th 1861. Departed out of this world Sunday Jan 29th 1928. Edinburgh Castle Hospital The Edinburgh Castle hospital buildings in Hospital Square were built in 1753 as two ordnance storehouse for arms and military equipment. They were converted into the Garrison Hospital in 1897. Ordnance Storehouse National War Museum and Hospital The Ordnance store house was one of two warehouses for arms and military equipment. Built to a design by General William Skinner chief engineer in north Britain in 1753. He was also the creator of Fort George the Garrison fortress of the Scottish Highlands. This ordnance store house now houses the Military Museum. Previously was converted from a 60-bed hospital that cared for German Prisoners of war during the First World War. War Museum Edinburgh Castle Key to the Door The Edinburgh Castle Key with tags of the keeper of the key click to magnify and read the tags. Next - Castle Esplanade