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Cowgate Sehenswürdigkeiten
Edinburgh
Cowgate Grassmarket Edinburgh war die Straße, die von Osten nach Edinburgh führte. vorher das südliche Loch vor der Entwässerung circa 1300. Benannt nach dem Tor in der Flodden-Mauer, die Edinburgh umgab. Das Tor war die Art und Weise, wie die Bauern ihr Vieh (Kühe) auf den Markt brachten. Durch das Kuhtor der Stadtmauer (Flodden Wall). Jetzt ist es das Zentrum von Pubs, Restaurants, Clubs und Unterkünften, nur wenige Gehminuten von allen Sehenswürdigkeiten, historischen Stätten, der Royal Mile und dem Edinburgh Castle entfernt. Es gibt noch einige Orte im Cowgate von Edinburghs Geschichte; Die Magdalenenkapelle, James Connolly Geburtsort, St. Patrick's Church, Eine von George Heriot's Schools, Tailors Hall, Die erste Brücke, die das Cowgate (South Bridge) spaziert, die von der Brücke geschaffenen Gewölbe, die einst als Geschäfte genutzt wurden auf dieser Seite berichten.
Cowgate Port + St Mary’s Port
St Mary’s Port across the Pleasance from Heriot’s Hospital to a building at the head of Back of Canongate South (now Holyrood Road). Cowgate Port across the Cowgate from Heriot’s Hospital to buildings on North of Cowgate.
Heriot's Hospital (Schule)
Cowgate Edinburgh
Heriot's Hospital (Schule) Cowgate befand sich in einem Gebäude an der Ecke Cowgate und Pleasance in Edinburgh. Es wurde gebaut, nachdem die Mauer und der Hafen von Cowgate für die Entwicklung entfernt wurden und es ist möglich, dass der Stein der Mauer zum Bau des Krankenhauses (Schule) verwendet wurde. Dieses Gebäude steht noch, ursprünglich zwischen 1838 -1840 erbaut, das Zifferblatt hat ein Datum von 1840 und auf der Vorderseite des Gebäudes befindet sich eine Inschrift von George Heriot's | Krankenhaus | Schule | 1838 Dies ist eine von sieben Schulen, die von den Gouverneuren der Schule von Heriot eröffnet wurden, um arme Kinder in der ganzen Stadt zu unterrichten.
St. Patrick's RC
Cowgate Edinburgh
St. Patrick's Edinburgh wurde 1774 erbaut. Es war zuerst presbyterianisch, dann bischöflich und schließlich 1856 als katholische Kirche eröffnet, um der wachsenden irischen Gemeinde in Edinburgh zu dienen. Es wurde berichtet, dass 2600 am ersten Gottesdienst teilnahmen. 1869 Canon Edward Hannan gründete die Katholische Young Men's Society (CYMS) und gründete eine Fußballmannschaft, um der irischen katholischen Gemeinde von Edinburgh aus zu helfen Southside mischen sich mit der größeren katholischen Gemeinde Edinburghs. Nachdem viele verschiedene Namen abgelehnt wurden, wurde entschieden, dass die Fußballverein sollte nach dem römischen Namen für Hibernian benannt werden Irland. Seitdem ist der Hibernian Football Club ein Teil der Edinburgher Sportgeschichte.
Kardinal Beaton Plakette
Cowgate Edinburgh
David Beaton wurde 1494 geboren und starb 1546. Am 20. Dezember 1539 wurde David Beaton von Papst Paul III. zum Kardinal ernannt. Kardinal Beaton wurde Regent für Mary Queen of Scots und ernannte sich 1543 zum Kanzler von Schottland. Er wurde von den meisten nicht gemocht, war aber bei den Royals sowohl in Frankreich als auch in Großbritannien beliebt. Er hatte viele Geliebte und 20 uneheliche Kinder. Er wurde wegen Betrugs und des groben Werbens, der Invasion Heinrichs VIII. in Schottland, festgenommen.
Kardinal Beaton Plakette
Cowgate Edinburgh
David Beaton wurde 1494 geboren und starb 1546. Am 20. Dezember 1539 wurde David Beaton von Papst Paul III. zum Kardinal ernannt. Kardinal Beaton wurde Regent für Mary Queen of Scots und ernannte sich 1543 zum Kanzler von Schottland. Er wurde von den meisten nicht gemocht, war aber bei den Royals sowohl in Frankreich als auch in Großbritannien beliebt. Er hatte viele Geliebte und 20 uneheliche Kinder. Er wurde wegen Betrugs und des groben Werbens, der Invasion Heinrichs VIII. in Schottland, festgenommen.
Erste Druckmaschine
Schwarzer Ritter
Diese Gedenktafel stiftet den Ort, an dem der erste Buchdruck in Schottland stattfand. Die Drucker Walter Chepman und Andrew Myllar druckten 1508 das erste Buch, nachdem sie ein Jahr zuvor von King (James IV.) eine Lizenz erteilt hatten.
Die Drucker standen im Cowgate am Fuße der Blackfriars Street in der Nähe von Kardinal Beatons Haus.
Robert Louis Stevenson-Plakette
Cowgate Edinburgh
"Über die South Bridge zu schauen und das Cowgate unten voller weinender Straßenhändler zu sehen, bedeutet, im Handumdrehen einen Rang der Gesellschaft von der Mutter zu sehen". Robert Louis Stevenson 1878. Die Plakette befindet sich an der Wand von das Rowantree ein Veranstaltungsort im Cowgate, Edinburgh EH1 1NN in der Nähe der South Bridge.
South Bridge
Bridges over Cowgate
The South Bridge was constructed circa 1788, due to the ground and valleys the bridge was constructed with
19 arches. The arch that spans the Cowgate is the only one that is visible. Underground can be seen vaults that were made due to the bridge. The vaults were occupied by tradesmen, shops and taverns the first underground shopping mall. Due to the conditions of the vaults with lack of light and air, the vaults were soon abandoned.
Cowgate to St Mary’s Street Cowgate to George IV Bridge
Underground Vaults
The South Bridge was constructed circa 1788 due to the ground and valleys the bridge was constructed with 19 arches. The arch that spans the Cowgate is the only one that is visible. Underground can be seen vaults that were made due to the bridge. The vaults were occupied by tradesmen, shops and taverns the first underground shopping mall. This did not last due to the conditions of the vaults with lack of light and air, the vaults were soon abandoned. It is not known when the vaults complex was closed down, with some suggesting as early as c. 1835 and others as late as c. 1875. Written records regarding the vaults during their slum use are virtually non-existent. There are areas within The Caves that are the building remains of what was Adam Square, which was demolished to make way for the erection of the South Bridge. The original terracotta floor tiles, a hearth stone, and what remains of a fireplace, were found in one of the rooms within The Caves whilst it was being excavated. In another room, within The Caves, a well was found. South Bridge started in 1785, when the 19 arches to support it were built. The vaults, chambers and tunnels underneath it were walled in and sectioned off the descending levels. By 1788, when South Bridge was officially opened, approximately 120 vaults, or rooms, were ready.
Blair Street
Blair Street was formed when the South Bridge was being built in 1768. To give access to the Cowgate from the High Street, at that time Marlin’s Wynd and Pebble's Wynd were demolished in 1785 with the west side of Niddry Street. Blair Street as Hunter Square was named after Lord Provost Sir James Hunter Blair.
Marlin’s (Merlyoune) Wynd
Marlin’s Wynd is below the level of the present streets as Mary King’s Close is. Marlin’s Wynd was to the west of the Tron Kirk and ran down to the Cowgate. Named after John Merlyoune (Marlin), who was in charge of paving the High Street. He requested in memory of his work that he would be buried underneath the paving stones. He was buried at the head of the Wynd (which was named after him) by paving stones in the shape of a grave. Other writings mention that the High Street was paved in 1532 by two brothers John and Bartoulme Foliot.
Also a John Merlyoune was first to pave Marlin's Wynd 1542.
Free Cowgate Church (Stramash)
Church built in 1859, was built by Edinburgh architect Patrick Wilson.
The panel above the door reads;
'Erected and endowed from funds bequeathed by William Whyte Edinburgh MDCCCLXI’.
Guthrie Street | College Wynd
Guthrie Street was built to replace College Wynd and was named after Dr Thomas Guthrie the founder of the first Ragged School in 1841, which can be seen in Ramsay Lane of Castlehill Royal Mile Edinburgh. Guthrie Street is a link between Chambers Street and the Cowgate Edinburgh. There are steps from Chamber Street to Guthrie Street which was previously West College Street before Chamber Street was built.
Walter Scott was born in College Wynd which was demolished and replaced with modern housing. The plaque can be seen on the wall at the corner of Guthrie Street and Chambers Street is to signify the location of the house where Sir Walter Scott was born in August 1771. Walter Scott's Birthplace Stone Guthrie Street Edinburgh
Old Fishmarket Close Swift’s Wynd Carmichael's Close
The Fish market was one of the casualties of the Great 1824 fire as it was destroyed. This close was originally known as Swift's Wynd a narrow street joining the Cowgate to High Street, the name recorded as far back as 1539. Alexander Swift owned a cellar at the head of the close and John Swift, a tenement. It then became Carmichael's Close in 1722 after Mr William Carmichael, advocate that lived there with his family. It was later renamed Fishmarket Close due to the fish market that was once active there. George Heriot known as “Jinglin’ Geordie”, the kings Jeweller and the founder of George Heriot’s Hospital (school), also lived in the close.
This was also a close that housed the first firefighting appliance.
At the foot of the Close on the west side was a property that was provided by the Council for the executioner. This gave the executioner easy access to both the Lawnmarket and Grassmarket place of Execution by hanging or beheading. The house also provided a prison room for the condemned on the night before their demise.
Schneidersaal
Cowgate Edinburgh
Die Gründung von Schneidern der Canongate-Aufzeichnungen geht bis ins Jahr 1438 zurück (Nationale Aufzeichnungen von Schottland). Die Eingliederung von Schneidern kaufte 1620 Land in der Cowgate. Dort bauten sie ihren Versammlungssaal, der im nächsten Jahr fertiggestellt wurde. Im Februar 1638 wurde im Schneidersaal ein Entwurf des National Covenant genehmigt. Das Gebäude wurde 1757 um ein Obergeschoss erweitert. Die Gebäude sind heute eine Bar und Unterkunft. Der National Covenant wurde erstmals am 28. Februar 1638 auf dem Greyfriars Kirchhof in Edinburgh unterzeichnet, bevor er das Land bereiste, um Unterschriften zu erhalten.
Brücken überspannend
Cowgate Edinburgh
Die 2 Brücken, die das Cowgate in Edinburgh überspannen, wurden gebaut, um den Zugang zum Süden von Edinburgh zu ermöglichen. Die South Bridge wurde 1788 fertiggestellt und war eine Verlängerung der North Bridge und überquerte die High Street an der Tron Kirk, die lange Zeit das Zentrum für Old Edinburgh war. Die George IV Bridge wurde 1832 fertiggestellt, die begann vom Lawnmarket und war eine Fortsetzung zur Bank Street und dem Mound. Viele Häuser und Absperrungen wurden abgerissen, um den Brücken Platz zu machen, um eine einfache Verbindung nach Süd-Edinburgh zu ermöglichen. Die Büros der Merchants Company of Edinburgh war dort, wo heute der Bogen der Georg-IV-Brücke steht. Hier wurde die erste Damenschule gegründet durch ein Geschenk von Mary Erskine im Jahr 1694, bekannt als das Merchant Maiden Hospital.
James Connolly Birthplace
James Connolly was born in Edinburgh at 107 Cowgate on 5 June 1868. The first time he stood on Irish soil was as a British soldier at the age of fourteen. He was the secretary of the Scottish Socialist Federation in 1892 aged 24.
He also founded the Irish Socialist Republican Party whose aims were to secure the national and economic freedom of the Irish people. He started a weekly newspaper, the Workers’ Republic and the first publication was issued in August of 1898. At the age of 46 in 1914 he became Acting General Secretary of Irish Transport and General Workers Union. He formed an Anti-War Committee and as the leader he Committed the Labour movement to oppose recruitment and conscription to the British Army ‘we serve neither King nor Kaiser, but Ireland’. When the Secret military council of the I.R.B. Decided on an armed rising in 1916, Connolly took part in the preparations and in 1916 he had become convinced that a nationalist revolution was the only way to free Ireland from what he saw as imperial and capitalist oppression. He was sentenced to death for his part in the uprising and was executed in Kilmainham Jail Dublin 12 May 1916.
Merchants of Edinburgh – Merchant Maidens Hospital
Merchant Company of Edinburgh
The Merchant Company of Edinburgh was established in 1681. The previous name was the Guidry before it became a society. Their first meeting hall was in the Cowgate Edinburgh and they then moved to Hunter Square before moving to its final home of Hanover Street. The Merchant Company was a watch dog for Edinburgh looking after the concerns and needs of the people. Over time the wealthy would leave their estates to be administered by the Merchant Company by way of a trust. This resulted in with well-judged investments the Merchant Company become the largest land owners in Scotland. The Merchant Company in 1694 with a donation from Mary Erskine a widow, which established Mary Erskine School. With other donations and bequests and trusts, further education facilities were opened, George Watson’s College in 1741, George Watson was an accountant, and merchant banker and the first accountant of the Bank of Scotland, James Gillespie’s High School in 1803, James Gillespie was a local Tobacconist in the High Street Edinburgh and Daniel Stewart held an appointment in the Court of Exchequer, Daniel Stewart’s College in 1855 which is now ESMS (Erskine, Stewart, Melville Schools). John Watson’s School in built in 1828 at 75 Belford Road next to the Dean Cemetery. The Edinburgh Chamber of Commerce was established as an off shoot of the Merchant’s Society of Edinburgh in 1786.
Magdalen Chapel Cowgate
The Magdalen Chapel was built by Michael Macquhane and his wife Michael died in 1537 and his wife managed the completion of the chapel in 1542. The Magdalen Chapel was a chapel and Hospital for the poor. The Incorporation of Hammermen took over the running of the building in 1547. On the plaque above the door show their initials MM. JR. and the date of Janet Rynd's death 1553. The Chapel was a place of worship and also the guild Hall for the incorporation of Hammermen. The Hammermen were metal workers and tradesmen who became the trustees of the Chapel and attached building a hospital, which is now a hostel. Inside the Chapel is an amazing stain glass window which features the Royal Arms of Scotland, the Arms of Mary of Guise, Mary Queen of Scots. mother Also still in the Chapel is the Deacon of the Hammermen's Guild of Edinburgh chair which was made in 1708. There are many other artefacts from Scottish history on display in the Chapel please arrange a visit as there is much to see.
Medical Missionary Society | Livingstone House
Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society moved into 39 Cowgate in 1858 which was then owned by the Scottish Reformation Society. The EMMS (Edinburgh Medical Missionary Society and Livingstone Institute) rebuilt in 1877 and operated a dispensary for the local people. The building occupied from the corner of Candlemakers' Row to the Magdalen Chapel. Above the entrance on the corner are 13 carved heads. The building housed a dispensary, waiting rooms, lecture theatre, students' bedrooms (the Livingston Residence), a working men's club and 3 shops.
Grapes
Frog
Plums
Knight’s Templar
Thistle
Acorns
English Rose
Devil
Cowgatehead Free Church
The Gothic church was founded in 1861 with money from William Whyte’s will. William Whyte bookseller to the Queen Dowager Adelaide wife of William IV. The stone panel on the tower above the door reads; 'Erected and endowed from funds bequeathed by William Whyte Edinburgh MDCCCLXI
